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Topic: Junk food habit affects sleep quality

French fries and hamburgers are popular with teenagers. Everyone knows that these high-calorie foods can lead to chronic illnesses such as heart disease and high blood pressure, but, according to a report published by Medical Xpress, a study led by the University of Queensland in Australia has found that eating too much junk food can also have an impact on teenagers’ sleep quality.

薯條、漢堡等速食及飲料很受青少年喜愛。眾所皆知這些高熱量食物會導致慢性疾病，如心臟病和高血壓等。不過，「醫療快訊」報導，澳洲昆士蘭大學帶領的一項研究發現，吃過多的垃圾食品還會影響青少年的睡眠品質。

According to the research results, teenagers who drink more than three soft drinks per day were 55 percent more likely to report sleep disturbance than those who only drink one cup per day. Males who ate fast foods on more than four days per week were 55 percent more likely to report sleep disturbance than those who ate them only once a week, while females were 49 percent more likely to do so.

根據研究結果，每天喝三杯以上飲料的青少年自稱有睡眠障礙的機率，比每天只喝一杯軟飲料的青少年高百分之五十五。每週吃四天以上速食的男性自稱有睡眠障礙的機率，比那些每週只吃一次速食的男性高百分之五十五，而女性的機率高出百分之四十九。

This global study examined unhealthy diets and stress-related sleep disturbance in high school students from 64 countries. The study found that 7.5 percent of adolescents reported having stress-related sleep disturbance, which was more common among females than males and increased with more frequent consumption of carbonated soft drinks, as did the occurrence of sleep problems. Because carbonated drinks often contain caffeine and large amounts of sugar, while fast foods are high in energy but poor in nutrients, long-term consumption can cause nutritional imbalances.

這是一項針對全球不健康飲食和與壓力有關的睡眠障礙研究，涉及來自六十四個國家的高中生。研究表明，百分之七點五的青少年自稱有壓力相關的睡眠障礙，其中女性比男性更常見，且隨著碳酸飲料的頻繁飲用而增加，睡眠障礙的比率也愈高。因為碳酸飲料通常含有咖啡因和高糖分，而快餐食品高熱量但較缺乏營養，長期攝取會營養不均衡。

These data were collected from global health surveys conducted by the WHO between 2009 and 2016, which included about 170,000 students aged 12 to 15 years from 64 low, middle and high-income countries in Southeast Asia, Africa, South America and the eastern Mediterranean.

這些數據收集自二○○九年至二○一六年世界衛生組織的全球健康調查，其中包括來自東南亞、非洲、南美部分地區和地中東海東部地區的六十四個低、中、高收入國家的約十七萬名十二至十五歲的學生。

The research team said that frequent intake of soft drinks and eating of fast foods is closely associated with sleep problems in teenagers, and that this phenomenon is particularly clear in high-income countries. The research team said that these findings are worrying because poor-quality sleep has an adverse impact on adolescent health and cognitive development. They suggested that policies should be formulated that target these unhealthy behaviors.

研究團隊表示，青少年經常喝飲料、吃速食與睡眠障礙之間關聯密切，這現象尤其在高收入國家特別明顯。研究團隊指出，這些發現令人擔憂，因為睡眠品質差會對青少年的健康和認知發展產生不利影響。他們建議應針對這些不健康的行為制定相關政策，使青少年能健康成長。

Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2021/01/05/2003749938

Next Article

Topic: Cognitive decline linked to ultraprocessed food, study finds

Too many daily calories from highly processed foods like lunch meats, frozen dinners, and packaged cookies may speed up cognitive decline, a new study suggests.

一項新的研究表明，每天從午餐肉、冷凍晚餐和包裝餅乾等高度加工食品攝入過多卡路里，可能會加速認知能力下降。

In the study, researchers examined the diets and cognitive function test results of more than 8,000 adults in Brazil. At the start of the study, participants consumed an average of about 2,850 calories a day. About 28 percent of their daily calories came from highly processed foods.

在這項研究中，研究人員檢視巴西8000多名成年人的飲食和認知功能測試結果。在研究開始時，參與者平均每天消耗約2850卡路里的熱量。他們每天有約28％的卡路里來自高度加工食物。

After about nine years of follow-up, cognitive test scores for memory and executive function declined the most for participants who ate the most highly processed foods.

經過約9年追蹤，吃加工食品最多的參與者，其記憶力和執行功能的認知測試分數下降幅度最大。

Ultraprocessed foods are defined as “industrial formulations of food substances (oils, fats, sugars, starch, and protein isolates) that contain little or no whole foods and typically include flavorings, colorings, emulsifiers, and other cosmetic additives,” according to the study.

根據這項研究，超加工食品被定義為「食品物質（油、脂肪、糖、澱粉和蛋白質分離物）的工業配方，含極少或不含全天然食品，通常包括調味劑、色素、乳化劑和其他化妝品添加劑」。

Next Article

Topic: Taiwan gourmets shocked at Pizza Hut’s newest cilantro, century egg-flavored delight

必勝客最近傳出將推出「香菜皮蛋豬血糕比薩」，交雜台式料理讓最勇猛的台灣人都震驚。

Pizza Hut is about to release a new “cilantro, century egg pig’s blood cake pizza” (香菜皮蛋豬血糕比薩) whose chaotic combination of flavors is poised to shock even the most daring Taiwanese gourmet.

據網友所述，此比薩將結合台灣各式道地美食，而這個消息也引來熱議。

According to social media users, the new pizza will combine many well-known traditional Taiwanese street foods, and the announcement sparked intense discussions online.

許多人表示當每道口味都那麼重的時候就不會那麼美味，也有人開玩笑的問必勝客「到底有多討厭義大利」。

Many thought that the flavors were too strong and would clash. Social media users even teased Pizza Hut, commenting “how much do you hate Italy?”

必勝客之前也已推出過眾多奇特的口味，其中包括臭豆腐、麻辣鍋、拉麵、榴槤和湯圓等。

Pizza Hut had launched many unusual pizza flavors in the past, including stinky tofu, spicy hot pot, ramen, durian, boba, and fried tangyuan.

最近也因為端午節特別推出了粽子口味的「北皇粽比薩」，如今依舊在菜單上。

Their recent Dragon Boat Festival series, which includes Zongzi flavored pizza, is still on the menu.

根據網友分享，新口味的DM上寫著此比薩內含「香菜、花生粉、豬血糕和Q彈皮蛋」。

According to the poster provided by social media users, the cilantro century egg pig’s blood cake pizza is made with four key ingredients: cilantro and peanut powder from Yunlin, braised pig’s blood cake and chewy century eggs.

網友表示這個口味對於不敢吃香菜、皮蛋、豬血糕或是對花生過敏的人都是極大的挑戰。

Some commented that this flavor is challenging people who dislike cilantro, century eggs, and pig’s blood cake, or are allergic to peanuts.

也有人點出這四種材料單看起來都好，但是被混搭在一起後胃口全沒了。

Others expressed their strong dislike over the idea of mixing those four ingredients together.

然而，還是有勇者表示自己想試試看，並稱「這個口味還是比鳳梨好」。

However, many were still willing to give the pizza a try, commenting “this new flavor is better than pineapple on pizza.”

更有人建議必勝客應該試做「辣味鴨血」或是「銀絲卷」口味。

Another suggested adding “spicy duck blood” or “silver thread buns” (銀絲卷).

網友也開玩笑的指出必勝客真的在向義大利宣戰了，留言中寫道「如果義大利攻打台灣，我一點也不會感到意外」。

Some also joked that Pizza Hut is challenging Italy with this outrageous flavor, with one questioning“Does Pizza Hut want Italy to declare war?” while another said, “If Italy attacks Taiwan, I wouldn’t be surprised.”

根據網友所述，此新口味將在六月底登場。

According to social media users, this flavor will be released at the end of June.

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歡迎收聽本週的《Teacher's Lounge 幕後教師室》，上次John老師和阿鍵老師在幕後教師室和大家分享了一本「高效人士的七個成功習慣」，
受到了許多人私底下回饋說受用很大，所以今天這集我們就要來講一下歷久不衰的這本「原子習慣」啦！

其實「原子習慣」這本書在今年初我們聊訂定年度目標的時候有提過。這次要來分享的則是如何來訂定適合自己的學習框架。
我們可以簡單地拆解成下面四個步驟：
1. Make it obvious 讓它顯而易見
2. Make it attractive 讓它有吸引力
3. Make it easy 讓它簡單易行
4. Make it satisfying 讓它令人滿意

透過以上四個步驟，每個人都可以打造出最適合自己養成習慣的方式，快收聽這集節目來了解怎麼執行吧！

今天所傳授的內容在市面上價值不斐，如果你覺得有幫助的話歡迎把它分享給親朋好友喔！聽完今天的幕後教師室，
如果你有任何想法或經驗，或者是想許願讀的書籍，通通歡迎留言給我們！也別忘了追蹤通勤學英語的Instagram帳號，
或是訂閱我們的Podcast頻道VIP會員，來進行許願以及獲得更多有關英語學習的資源：https://www.instagram.com/15mins_today/

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This week's episode was again longer than we expected! Angel and I had so much to share and talk about,
we just couldn't stop~ We are lucky, because Angel is finally back in Taiwan, and we both wanted
to share the one brand that means a lot to us in our period of "independence".

IKEA for many people, is just a furniture store. A place where you appreciate and know that you have "grown up".
What about for people in the second-half of their lives? How is IKEA staying relevant? In PART I of this episode,
we discuss the must-haves and all the things we love about IKEA restaurant. Drop us a message if you are just as crazy about IKEA restaurant as we are!

Hope you will enjoy this episode with us as much as we enjoyed producing it!

更多15Mins Cafe節目: www.15mins.today/15mins-cafe
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安美大望｜買房新哲學 ETF概念宅

．Environment環境造就心境

．Texture質感織就情感

．Fortune財富成就豐富

台茂商圈／五福國小預定地／李天鐸建築／3-4房雙車位

2-4房保值首選：https://fstry.pse.is/5t2fd5

—— 以上為 Firstory Podcast 廣告 ——

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國際時事跟讀 Ep.K767: Europe's Groundbreaking AI Regulations: A Comprehensive Overview

Highlights 主題摘要：

In a monumental move, European Union lawmakers have greenlit the world's foremost set of comprehensive regulations governing artificial intelligence (AI), paving the way for the implementation of the Artificial Intelligence Act later this year. This landmark legislation not only signifies a significant step forward in Europe's technological governance but also sets a precedent for global AI regulation.
在一項重大舉措中，歐盟立法者已經為全球首套全面監管人工智慧（AI）的法規開了綠燈，為今年晚些時候《人工智慧法案》（Artificial Intelligence Act）的實施鋪平了道路。這項具有里程碑意義的立法不僅標誌著歐洲科技治理向前邁出了重要一步，也為全球 AI 監管樹立了先例。

The foundation of the AI Act lies in its risk-based approach to regulating AI applications. While low-risk AI systems, such as content recommendation algorithms, are subject to voluntary guidelines and codes of conduct, high-risk uses—like medical devices and critical infrastructure—are met with stricter requirements. Moreover, the legislation outright prohibits certain AI applications, such as social scoring systems and specific forms of predictive policing, due to their deemed unacceptable risks.
AI 法案的基礎在於其對 AI 應用採取基於風險的監管方式。雖然低風險的 AI 系統，如內容推薦算法，需遵守自願性指南和行為準則，但高風險用途——如醫療設備和關鍵基礎設施——則面臨更嚴格的要求。此外，該立法完全禁止某些 AI 應用，例如社會評分系統和特定形式的預測性警務，因為它們被認為存在不可接受的風險。

One of the key highlights of the AI Act is its inclusion of provisions addressing generative AI models, which have emerged as a prominent force in recent years. These models, capable of producing lifelike responses and content, are now subject to stringent regulations. Developers are mandated to disclose the data used for training these models and adhere to copyright laws. Additionally, any AI-generated content must be prominently labeled as artificially manipulated, mitigating the potential for misuse.
AI 法案的一個重點是納入了解決生成式 AI 模型的條款，這些模型近年來已成為一股重要力量。這些能夠產生逼真回應和內容的模型現在受到嚴格監管。開發人員必須披露用於訓練這些模型的數據並遵守版權法。此外，任何 AI 生成的內容都必須明確標記為人工操縱，以減少濫用的可能性。

Of particular concern within the legislation are the most powerful AI systems, dubbed "systemic risks." These systems, such as OpenAI's GPT-4 and Google's Gemini, are under heightened scrutiny due to their potential for catastrophic accidents or cyberattacks. Developers of such systems are tasked with assessing and mitigating risks, reporting incidents, implementing cybersecurity measures, and disclosing energy usage. These measures aim to address apprehensions surrounding the proliferation of harmful biases and the misuse of AI technology.
立法中特別關注的是最強大的 AI 系統，被稱為「系統性風險」。這些系統，如 OpenAI 的 GPT-4 和 Google 的 Gemini，由於其可能導致災難性事故或網絡攻擊而受到更嚴格的審查。此類系統的開發人員需要評估和減輕風險、報告事故、實施網絡安全措施並披露能源使用情況。這些措施旨在解決人們對有害偏見擴散和 AI 技術濫用的擔憂。

Europe's role as a trailblazer in AI regulation is further solidified with the impending implementation of the AI Act. Following the final formalities, the Act is poised to become law, signaling Europe's commitment to fostering responsible innovation while mitigating potential risks. Violations of the AI Act carry significant penalties, with fines reaching up to 35 million euros or 7 percent of a company's global revenue, underscoring the imperative of compliance with these pioneering regulations.
隨著 AI 法案即將實施，歐洲作為 AI 監管的先驅者角色進一步得到鞏固。在完成最後的手續後，該法案有望成為法律，表明歐洲致力於在促進負責任創新的同時減輕潛在風險。違反 AI 法案將面臨重大處罰，罰款高達 3500 萬歐元或公司全球收入的 7％，強調了遵守這些開創性法規的必要性。

In conclusion, Europe's adoption of the AI Act heralds a new era of AI governance, setting a precedent for other jurisdictions worldwide. With its risk-based approach, emphasis on transparency, and stringent oversight of powerful AI systems, the AI Act represents a significant milestone in the quest to harness the benefits of AI while safeguarding against its potential pitfalls.
總之，歐洲通過 AI 法案開啟了 AI 治理的新時代，為全球其他司法管轄區樹立了先例。憑藉其基於風險的監管方法、對透明度的重視以及對強大 AI 系統的嚴格監督，AI 法案代表了在利用 AI 的好處的同時防範其潛在陷阱道路上的重要里程碑。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字：

Infrastructure (In-fra-struc-ture): One of the key highlights of the AI Act is its inclusion of provisions addressing critical infrastructure.Predictive (Pre-dic-tive): Moreover, the legislation outright prohibits certain AI applications, such as social scoring systems and specific forms of predictive policing.Manipulated (Ma-nip-u-lat-ed): Additionally, any AI-generated content must be prominently labeled as artificially manipulated, mitigating the potential for misuse.Trailblazer (Trail-blaz-er): Europe's role as a trailblazer in AI regulation is further solidified with the impending implementation of the AI Act.Milestone (Mile-stone): The AI Act represents a significant milestone in the quest to harness the benefits of AI while safeguarding against its potential pitfalls.

Reference article:
1. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2024/03/19/2003815116
2. https://edition.cnn.com/2024/03/13/tech/ai-european-union/index.html

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Topic: About Technology - ’Smart crib’ aims to help rockabye baby

As every new parent knows, sleep can go out the window after the arrival of a newborn.
如每對剛生孩子的爸媽所知，新生兒到來後，再也沒有夜夜好眠。

That was certainly the case for parents Radhika and Bharath Patil, who seeking relief for their own disrupted sleep patterns, put their electronic engineering backgrounds together to create a "smart crib".
這確實就是拉德西卡和巴拉特‧帕蒂爾的狀況，這對父母正在補救自身混亂的睡眠模式，結合他們的電子工程背景，創造了一個「智慧嬰兒床」。

Their crib, powered by artificial intelligence, combines a baby monitor, rocker, bassinet and crib in one.
他們把一台嬰兒監視器、弧形搖桿、搖籃和嬰兒床合而為一，由人工智慧來驅動嬰兒床。

"It’s not the amount of work around the baby that tires the parents, it’s the lack of sleep," Radhika Patil, Cradlewise chief executive, told Reuters in an interview.
「智慧搖籃」執行長拉德西卡‧帕蒂爾在訪問中告訴路透，「並非圍繞著嬰兒的工作量累到父母，而是睡眠不足。」

Early detection is key, she said, adding that the sooner parents can detect the baby waking up, the easier it is to get the child to fall back asleep.
她說，早期偵測是關鍵，並補充指出，父母越早發現嬰兒醒來，就越容易讓他們的孩子再度入睡。

"Once you put the baby in, the crib takes care of everything. That’s the aim," Bharath Patil said.
巴拉特‧帕蒂爾說，「只要把嬰兒放進去，嬰兒床就顧好每件事。這就是目的。」

Next Article

Topic: New Thoughts on Math Of Effective Baby Talk

It has been nearly 20 years since a landmark education study found that, by age 3, children from low-income families have heard 30 million fewer words than more affluent children, putting them at an educational disadvantage before they have begun school.
將近20年前，一項具有里程碑意義的教育研究發現，低收入戶兒童到了3歲時，已比家庭較富裕的兒童少聽到3000萬個字彙，以致就學前即已處於教育上的劣勢。

Now, a growing body of research is challenging the notion that merely exposing poor children to more language is enough to overcome the deficits they face. The quality of the communication between children and their parents and caregivers, the researchers say, is of much greater importance than the number of words a child hears.
如今，越來越多的研究向此一觀念提出挑戰，不認為光是讓貧窮兒童暴露於更多語言，就能克服他們所面對的不足。這些研究人員指出，兒童與父母及看顧者之間的溝通品質，遠比兒童聽到多少字彙來得重要。

A study presented last month at a White House conference on “bridging the word gap” found that among 2-year-olds from low-income families, quality interactions involving words — the use of shared symbols (“Look, a dog!”); rituals (“Want a bottle after your bath?”); and conversational fluency (“Yes, that is a bus!”) — were a far better predictor of language skills at age 3 than any other factor .
上月在白宮「縮小字彙差距」會議中發表的一項研究結果發現，對2歲的低收入戶兒童而言，和字彙相關的優質互動，例如使用共通的符號（「看哪，一隻狗！」）；固定程序（「洗完澡想喝瓶奶？」）；流暢的對話（「是的，這是一輛公車！」），在預測3歲兒童語言技巧方面，是遠勝於其他因素的更好指標。

“It’s not just about shoving words in,” said Kathryn Hirsh- Pasek, a professor of psychology at Temple University in Philadelphia and lead author of the study. “It’s about having these fluid conversations around shared rituals and objects, like pretending to have morning coffee together or using the banana as a phone. ”
費城天普大學心理學教授、該研究報告主要作者凱瑟琳．赫許─巴塞克說：「它不光是塞進字彙而已，它與圍繞著共有的固定程序和物件的流暢對話有關，例如佯裝一起喝晨間咖啡，或是拿香蕉當電話打。」

In a related finding, published in April, researchers who observed 11- and 14-month-old children in their homes found that the prevalence of one-on-one interactions and frequent use of parentese — the slow, highpitched voice commonly used for talking to babies — were reliable predictors of language ability at age 2. The total number of words had no correlation with future ability.
四月發表的一項相關研究中，研究人員觀察11個月和14個月大孩子在家中的生活情形，發現經常一對一互動，以及頻繁使用「父母語」，也就是父母常用的，對嬰兒說話的那種緩慢、高音調聲音，是2歲兒童語言能力的可靠預測指標。字彙的總數量與兒童的未來能力無關。

Even the 1995 study that introduced the notion of the 30-million- word gap, conducted by the University of Kansas psychologists Betty Hart and Todd R. Risley, found that parental tone, responsiveness and use of symbols affected a child’s I.Q. and vocabulary.
引進3000萬字彙差距概念的那項研究發表於1995年，由堪薩斯大學心理學家貝蒂．哈特和陶德．Ｒ．里斯利所完成，即使那項研究也發現，父母的語氣、反應和符號的使用，對兒童的智商高低和詞彙多寡均有影響。

But this year’s studies are the first time researchers have compared the impact of word quantity with quality of communication.
不過，今年的研究，是研究人員首次將字彙數量和溝通品質的影響作比較。

For the new study, Dr. Hirsh- Pasek and colleagues selected 60 low-income 3-year-olds with varying degrees of language proficiency from a long-term study of 1,300 children from birth to age 15.
在新研究中，赫許─巴塞克和同事，在參與一項從出生到15歲長期研究的1300名兒童中，挑選出60名3歲的低收入戶兒童，語言能力程度各不相同。

The quality of communication accounted for 27 percent of variation in expressive language skills one year later, Dr. Hirsh-Pasek said.
赫許─巴塞克說，1年後，優質溝通占表達語言技巧差異的27％。

But those who urge parents to talk to their children more say increased quantity of language inevitably leads to better quality.
但是，那些呼籲家長多跟自己孩子說話的專家表示，提高語言數量，定會帶來更高的品質。

Anne Fernald, a developmental psychologist at Stanford University in California, said, “When you learn to talk more, you tend to speak in more diverse ways and elaborate more, and that helps the child’s cognitive development.”
加州史丹福大學發展心理學家安妮．費納德說：「當你學會說得更多時，你會以更多樣、更複雜的方式說話，這有助兒童的認知發展。」

Still, Ann O’Leary, director of Too Small to Fail, a joint effort of the nonprofit Next Generation and the Bill, Hillary & Chelsea Clinton Foundation that focuses on closing the word gap, acknowledged that messages to parents could do more to emphasize quality.
「小到不能失敗」計畫負責人安．奧利里說，在提供給家長的訊息上，確實可多強調質。「小到不能失敗」由非營利組織「下一代」和「比爾、希拉蕊、雀兒喜．柯林頓基金會」共同設置，致力於縮小兒童字彙差距。

“When we’re doing these campaigns to close the word gap, they do capture the imagination, they do get people understanding that we do need to do a lot more talking,” she said. “But we also need to be more mindful that part of what we need to do is model what that talking looks like.”
她說：「當我們從事縮小兒童字彙差距努力時，它確實引起我們注意，它也讓人們理解，我們確實需要多說點話。但我們同時需要更注意的是，在我們必須從事的工作中，有一部分是提供那種談話的模範，那種談話中該有的東西。」
Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/269227/web/#2L-5280944L

Next Article

Topic: Scientists identify ancient baby bottles ...and some are really cute

Ceramic vessels, sometimes fashioned in whimsical animal forms, were used thousands of years ago as baby bottles to feed infants animal milk, according to scientists, offering an intriguing look at how and what infants were fed in prehistoric times.
科學家指出，數千年前的人類有時會把陶製容器塑造成異想天開的動物形狀，將它們作為奶瓶使用，餵嬰兒喝動物的乳汁。這項發現提供一個有趣的觀點，讓人一窺史前時代人類如何、又是用什麼來餵食嬰兒。

Archaeologists said on Sept. 25 they confirmed the function of these ceramic objects by finding chemical traces of milk belonging to animals such as cows, sheep and goats in three such items found buried in child graves in Germany.
考古學家在九月二十五日表示，他們在埋入德國兒童墳墓裡面的三個同類型物件中，發現殘留動物乳汁的化學痕跡──包括母牛、綿羊、山羊等──因此確認了這些陶製物品的用途。

The oldest of the three vessels described in the study was made between 2,800 and 3,200 years ago during the Bronze Age. Other similar objects dating back as far as about 7,000 years ago during Neolithic times have been found in various other locations, the researchers said.
在研究描述的三個容器中，年代最早的製造於兩千八百年前到三千兩百年前的青銅器時代。研究人員指出，其他許多地點都曾經發現類似的物件，最遠可追溯到大約七千年前的新石器時期。

“I think this has provided us the first direct evidence of what foods babies were eating or being weaned on in prehistory,” said biomolecular archaeologist Julie Dunne of the University of Bristol in the UK and lead author of the study, published in the journal Nature. “I think this shows us the love and care these prehistoric people had for their babies.”
該篇研究發表於期刊《自然》，主要作者為英國布里斯托大學的生物分子考古學家茱莉‧鄧恩，她表示：「我認為這項發現提供第一手直接證據，顯示史前時代的小寶寶吃什麼食物，或是用什麼食物斷奶。」她也指出：「我想，這項發現也向我們展現這些史前時代人類對小嬰兒的愛與關懷。」

These objects, little enough to fit into a baby’s hands, served as vessels for milk, with a narrow spout for the baby to suckle liquid. While the three objects examined for the study were somewhat plain, others boasted lively shapes including animal heads with long ears or horns and human-looking feet.
這些物件小到能夠放進嬰兒的小手中，是用來盛裝奶水的容器，瓶身上附有一個狹長的壺嘴，讓小寶寶能夠從中吸吮液體。雖然研究檢驗用的三個物件外觀稍嫌平淡無奇，但其他同類陶器形狀卻相當生動，有著動物的頭，附著長長的耳朵或是犄角，以及像人類的腳。

“I find them incredibly cute. And prehistoric people may have thought so, too — they would certainly have a dual function of entertaining the children just like modern stuffed animals,” said archaeologist Katharina Rebay-Salisbury of the Austrian Academy of Sciences’ Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology, and a co-author of the study. “They testify to the creativity and playfulness we often forget to attribute to our ancestors,” Rebay-Salisbury added.
研究的共同作者、奧地利科學院東方與歐洲考古研究所的考古學家凱瑟琳娜‧雷貝─索爾斯伯里表示：「我覺得這些陶器難以置信地可愛。而且搞不好史前的人們也是這樣覺得──這些陶器很可能還具備另一項娛樂小孩的雙重功能，就像是現代的填充玩具。」她補充說：「這些陶器證實老祖先們具備的創意和愛開玩笑的個性，那都是我們經常忘記的。」

Life at the time was not easy, Rebay-Salisbury added, with many people living in unhygienic conditions, experiencing famine and disease and facing low life expectancy. During the Bronze Age and subsequent Iron Age in Europe, perhaps about a third of all newborns died before their first birthday and only about half of children reached adulthood, Rebay-Salisbury said.
雷貝─索爾斯伯里還指出，當時的生活並不容易，原因在於許多人都居住在不衛生的環境中、遭受饑荒與疾病，還要面臨很短的預期壽命。她表示，在青銅器時代以及接下來的鐵器時代，歐洲地區可能有大約三分之一的新生兒在一歲之前死亡，而且大概只有一半的小孩能夠順利長大成人。

These feeding vessels may have made life easier for mothers, as animal milk could substitute for breastfeeding, the researchers said. “Duties of mothering — amongst which feeding is an important one — can also be undertaken by other members of the community when children are fed with feeding vessels,” Rebay-Salisbury said.
研究人員表示，這些餵食用的容器會讓母親們的生活輕鬆一些，因為動物的乳汁可以代替親餵母乳。雷貝─索爾斯伯里指出：「當小孩可以用器具餵食的時候，為人母的諸多責任──其中，最重要的一項是餵食嬰兒──也就可以由部落的其他成員接手幫忙。」
Source article: http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2019/10/06/2003723440

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歡迎收聽本週的《Teacher's Lounge 幕後教師室》，今天John老師和阿鍵老師要帶大家回顧一下這幾週的Casual Friday和IG小測驗！

我們一直以來搜集了各位VIP會員的許願主題，也持續製作了幾個月啦，
最近我們覺得各位會員的求知慾真的是超級值得大大的掌聲，像是這幾週的題材涵括了建築、AI、新媒體甚至非常專精的醫療產業，
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Growing up in Taiwan, children are accustomed to a long, yellow cake that is called the "honey cake".
Technically, this cake dates back to the 16th century, and is a cake that came all the way from Portugal.

In this episode, Klim is going to give us some background to the most seen cake in Taiwan, the castella cake.
If you have a special castella cake that you recommend, drop us a comment and we will give you a shout out in the next episode!

Hope you will enjoy this episode with us as much as we enjoyed producing it!
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安美大望｜買房新哲學 ETF概念宅

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國際時事跟讀 Ep.K763: Taiwan's Earthquake Preparedness: A Testament to Resilience

Highlights 主題摘要：

Taiwan, a country frequently shaken by powerful earthquakes, yet remarkably equipped to withstand their impact, faced its most formidable seismic event in a quarter-century on 3rd April. Despite claiming nine lives and injuring hundreds, the island's stringent earthquake preparedness measures have significantly mitigated the devastation typically associated with such calamities, experts contend.

台灣經常受到強烈地震的襲擊，然而其對抗地震的能力卻非常出色，在四月三日遭遇了近25年（四分之一世紀以來）最為嚴重的地震。儘管造成九人死亡，數百人受傷，但專家們認為，島上嚴格的地震防災措施大幅度減輕了此類災害通常造成的破壞。

Situated along the Pacific "Ring of Fire," a zone notorious for seismic activity, Taiwan finds itself inherently vulnerable to earthquakes due to the convergence of the Philippine Sea Plate and the Eurasian Plate. This geological setting predisposes the region to frequent tremors, making robust preparedness imperative.

台灣位於太平洋“火山環帶”上，這是一個以地震活動聞名的地帶，由於菲律賓海板塊和歐亞板塊的匯聚，使得台灣先天容易受到地震影響，這種地質環境導致該地區地震頻繁，因此強大的防災措施顯得格外重要。

The recent earthquake, measuring 7.2 according to Taiwan's seismic agency and 7.4 according to the US Geological Survey, struck near Hualien County, causing substantial damage. However, Taiwan's capital, Taipei, despite feeling strong tremors, sustained only minor losses. This resilience is attributed to Taiwan's advanced earthquake preparedness, characterized by strict building codes, a sophisticated seismological network, and widespread public education campaigns promoting earthquake safety.

根據台灣地震機構的測量，最近的地震震級為7.2級，而美國地質調查局則測出7.4級，該地震發生在花蓮縣附近，造成了巨大的破壞。然而，台灣首都台北市儘管感受到強烈的震動，卻僅受到了輕微的損失。這種韌性歸功於台灣先進的地震防災能力，包括嚴格的建築法規、精密的地震監測網絡以及廣泛的地震安全教育大眾推廣活動。

Following the devastating 1999 earthquake, which claimed thousands of lives and exposed critical deficiencies in emergency response, Taiwan instituted significant administrative reforms. The Disaster Prevention and Protection Act was enacted, establishing national centers dedicated to earthquake coordination and training. These reforms have not only bolstered Taiwan's capacity to respond to seismic events but have also engendered a culture of preparedness among its populace.

1999年的大地震造成了數千人死亡，並暴露了緊急應對方面的重大缺陷。隨後台灣頒布了《災害防救法》，建立了專門負責地震協調和培訓的國家中心。這些改革不僅增強了台灣應對地震事件的能力，而且在民眾之間培養了防災意識。

In essence, Taiwan's journey towards earthquake resilience epitomizes a nation's commitment to learning from past tragedies and implementing proactive measures to safeguard its citizens. Through stringent building regulations, extensive public education initiatives, and comprehensive disaster response mechanisms, Taiwan stands as a testament to resilience in the face of nature's most formidable forces.

本質上來說，台灣在地震防災方面的努力體現了一個國家從過去災難中吸取教訓，並實施積極措施以保護其國民安全的承諾。通過嚴格的建築法規、廣泛的公眾教育和全面的災害應對機制，台灣在面對自然界最強大力量時，表現出頑強的生命力。

Furthermore, Taiwan's resilience is not solely rooted in structural and institutional reforms but also in the resilience of its people. In the aftermath of earthquakes, communities unite to provide support, aid, and comfort to those affected. Moreover, Taiwan's proactive approach extends beyond its borders through international collaborations and knowledge-sharing initiatives, contributing to global efforts in disaster risk reduction.

此外，台灣的韌性不僅根植於結構和制度上的改革，還源於其人民的韌性。在地震之後，社會各界團結起來，為受災戶提供支援、援助和安慰。此外，通過國際合作和知識分享計劃，台灣積極主動的作法已擴展到國外，為全球減少災害風險的努力作出貢獻。

Looking ahead, Taiwan continues to refine its earthquake preparedness strategies, leveraging technological advancements and lessons learned from past events. The island nation recognizes that while earthquakes may be inevitable, the extent of their impact can be mitigated through sustained vigilance, community engagement, and adaptive governance.

展望未來，台灣將繼續完善其地震防災策略，利用技術進步和從過去事件吸取的經驗教訓。島上人們認識到，地震雖然不可避免，但卻可以通過持續的警惕、社區參與和適應性治理來減輕其影響程度。

Taiwan's ability to withstand powerful earthquakes is not merely a product of geographical fortune but a result of deliberate efforts to enhance resilience at all levels of society. As the island nation navigates the seismic challenges of the future, its commitment to preparedness serves as a beacon of hope and inspiration for regions prone to similar geological hazards worldwide.

台灣之所以能夠抵禦強烈地震，並不僅僅是地理位置的幸運，而是在社會各個層面上努力不懈提高抗災能力的成果。在這個島國應對未來的地震挑戰時，它對防災的承諾將成為全球各地面臨相似地質災害地區的希望和鼓舞。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字：

Calamity (Ca-lam-i-ty): Despite claiming nine lives and injuring hundreds, the island's stringent earthquake preparedness measures have significantly mitigated the devastation typically associated with such calamities, experts contend.Inherently (In-her-ent-ly): Situated along the Pacific "Ring of Fire," a zone notorious for seismic activity, Taiwan finds itself inherently vulnerable to earthquakes due to the convergence of the Philippine Sea Plate and the Eurasian Plate.Resilience (Re-sil-i-ence): Through stringent building regulations, extensive public education initiatives, and comprehensive disaster response mechanisms, Taiwan stands as a testament to resilience in the face of nature's most formidable forces.Deficiency (De-fi-cien-cy): Following the devastating 1999 earthquake, which claimed thousands of lives and exposed critical deficiencies in emergency response, Taiwan instituted significant administrative reforms.Preparedness (Pre-par-ed-ness): Looking ahead, Taiwan continues to refine its earthquake preparedness strategies, leveraging technological advancements and lessons learned from past events.

Reference article: https://apnews.com/article/taiwan-earthquake-explainer-hualien-8c3de7d63c964ae460424aa7e52581a2

安美大望｜買房新哲學 ETF概念宅

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Topic: Filipino salon owner uses own hair to create portraits

Every few months when Jesstoni Garcia takes electric clippers to his head, he’s not just giving himself a haircut, he’s also harvesting art materials.
每隔數月，當傑斯托尼‧賈西亞拿電剪推自己的頭時，不僅在為自己理髮，也在收集藝術材料。

Using a thin brush and clear, sticky resin, the co-owner of a Manila hair salon sprinkles these strands and clippings on a blank canvas, taking two to five hours to arrange them into striking images of musicians and actors.
這名馬尼拉一家美髮沙龍的共同老闆，用細刷子和透明、富黏性的樹脂，把剪下來的髮絲刷在空白的畫布上，再花2至5小時調整成惹人注目的音樂家和演員肖像。

The 32-year-old’s main job as a seaman involves spending up to eight months a year on cruise ships, and lacking adequate art supplies like paint and sketchpads at sea, Garcia in 2021 turned to using his own hair to create images. He started with self-portraits and eventually moved on to depicting celebrities.
32歲的賈西亞本職是航海員，一年有多達8個月在遊輪上，航海期間欠缺顏料和畫板等藝術材料，所以在2021年轉而用自己的頭髮創作肖像。他從自畫像著手，逐漸開始描繪名人。

Next Article

Topic: Top Philippine presidential candidates oppose legalising divorce 菲律賓主要總統候選人反對離婚合法化

The Philippines looks likely to remain one of the few countries where divorce is illegal, based on a survey of the four leading presidential candidates on Sunday.
根據週日一項針對排名領先的4名總統候選人進行的調查顯示，菲律賓看起來可能仍是離婚違法的極少數國家之一。

Vice President Jejomar Binay, Senator Grace Poe, veteran mayor Rodrigo Duterte and former interior secretary Mar Roxas were asked during a presidential debate to raise their hands if they favoured legalisation of divorce.
副總統畢乃、參議員柏吾、經歷豐富的市長杜特爾特，以及前內政部長羅哈斯，在總統候選人辯論會上被要求，若支持離婚合法化則舉手。

Not one raised a hand in the brief segment. They were not given time to explain their stance.
在這簡短片段中無人舉手，他們也沒獲得時間解釋立場。

The overwhelmingly Catholic Philippines is the only country aside from the Vatican that bans divorce.
絕大多數人口為天主教徒的菲律賓，是梵蒂岡以外唯一禁止離婚的國家。

Strong pressure from the Catholic church has stymied previous attempts to pass a divorce law even though a survey last year showed that about 60 percent of adult Filipinos support such a measure.
來自天主教教會的強大壓力，阻礙了此前試圖通過離婚法的努力，即使去年一項調查顯示，約60％菲律賓成人支持這類措施亦然。

In another portion of the debate, the four candidates were asked who supported restoration of the death penalty.
在辯論會的另一部分，4名候選人被問及誰支持恢復死刑。

Poe and Duterte, who openly boasts about killing criminals, both raised their hands despite the Catholic church’s opposition to capital punishment.
公開讚揚處決罪犯的柏吾與杜特爾特舉起手，儘管天主教會反對死刑。

The death penalty was abolished in the Philippines in 2006, partly due to lobbying by the church.
2006年菲律賓廢除死刑，部分原因在於教會的遊說。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1529737 ; https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/971329

Next Article

Topic: Growing ‘mermaiding’ subculture makes a splash

There was a pivotal moment in Queen Pangke Tabora’s life that eclipsed all others: It was the moment, she says, when she first slid her legs into a mermaid tail.
在潘奇．塔波拉皇后的生命中，有一個關鍵時刻令其它時刻都黯然失色：她說，就是當她第一次把雙腳滑進一個美人魚尾巴的時刻。

For the transgender Filipina woman approaching middle age, seeing her legs encased in vibrant, scaly-looking neoprene three years ago was the realization of a childhood dream. And it marked the beginning of her immersion into a watery world where she would find acceptance.
對這位即將步入中年的菲律賓跨性別女性來說，三年前看到她的雙腿被包覆在充滿活力、鱗片狀的紐普韌橡膠中，是兒時夢想的實現。代表著她開始沉浸在一個自己能夠獲得接受的水世界。

The former insurance company worker described the experience of gliding under water, half-human and half-fish, as “meditation in motion.”“The feeling was mermai-zing,”Tabora said one recent morning while lounging in a fiery red tail on a rocky beach south of Manila, where she now teaches mermaiding and freediving full-time.
這位保險公司前員工把在水下滑行、半人半魚的經驗描述成「運動中的冥想」。最近一個早晨在馬尼拉南方一處礁石海灘休息時，身著火紅魚尾服的塔波拉說，「這種美人魚的感覺太驚人了」，她在這裡全職教授如何像美人魚般游泳和自由潛水。

In recent years, a growing number have gleefully flocked to mermaid conventions and competitions, formed local groups called“pods,” launched mermaid magazines and poured their savings into a multimillion-dollar mermaid tail industry.
在最近幾年，越來越多人歡喜地湧向美人魚大會和競賽，形成各個叫做「pods」的地方團體，發行美人魚雜誌，把他們的積蓄投入這個價值數百萬美元的美人魚尾巴行業。

Next Article

Philippine collector amasses super-sized collection of fast-food restaurant toys 菲律賓收藏家蒐集極大量速食餐廳玩具

From the age of 5, Filipino graphic artist Percival Lugue has had a passion for collecting toys from fast-food restaurant chains like McDonald’s, Burger King and home-country favorite Jollibee.
菲律賓平面設計師帕西瓦爾‧魯格，從5歲開始就滿腔熱血地蒐集麥當勞、漢堡王及當地人最愛的快樂蜂等速食連鎖餐廳的玩具。

Now, the 50-year-old has about 20,000 toys packed from floor to ceiling in his home and holds a Guinness World Record from 2014, when his collection reached more than 10,000 items.
現在，50歲的魯格擁有約2萬組玩具，在家裡從地板堆到天花板，且2014年起持續保持金氏世界紀錄，當時他收藏的玩具已超過1萬組。

Lugue built his home especially to house his collection. He likens the excitement that getting new toys gives him to Christmas morning. "The toy is like a storyteller in itself."
魯格蓋了自己的房子就是為了放藏品，他把得到新玩具的興奮感比擬成耶誕節早晨，「玩具本身就像個說故事的人。」

While most of his toys were obtained through personal purchases, some were donated by friends and family.
儘管大部分玩具都是他自己花錢買的，但也有朋友和家人送的。

His dream now is to eventually put his collection on display for the public or even open a museum to "give others a chance to revisit their own childhood memories."
他現在的夢想是，最終可以向大眾展示他的藏品，甚至開一間博物館，「讓其他人有機會重溫自己的童年記憶。」Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1529024 ; https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/1464916

Next Article

Topic: Philippines Returns to School, Ending One of World’s Longest Shutdowns

Millions of students throughout the Philippines headed to school Monday as in-person classes began to fully restart for the first time in more than two years, ending one of the world’s longest pandemic-related shutdowns in a school system already plagued by severe underinvestment.
全菲律賓數以百萬計的學生周一重新上學，這是兩年多來菲律賓首度全面恢復實體課程。原本就投資嚴重不足的學校系統，遭逢新冠疫情開始封校，時間之長在全球數一數二，現在終於結束了。

“We could no longer afford to delay the education of young Filipinos,” said Vice President Sara Duterte, who is also the education secretary, as she toured schools in the town of Dinalupihan, about 40 miles northwest of Manila.
副總統兼教育部長薩拉．杜特蒂到首都馬尼拉西北方65公里處的迪納路匹罕市巡視學校時表示：「我國年輕人的教育再經不起耽擱」。

Even before the pandemic, the Philippines had among the world’s largest education gaps, with more than 90% of students unable to read and comprehend simple texts by age 10, according to the World Bank.
甚至在新冠疫情爆發前，菲律賓的教育落差跟各國相比就十分巨大。世界銀行調查發現，菲國超過九成學童到了10歲仍無法閱讀和理解簡單的課文。

Schools in the Philippines have long suffered from shortages of classrooms and teachers, whose pay is low, leaving the vast numbers of poor children who cannot afford private schools and rely on the public system with inadequate teaching.
菲律賓的學校長期缺乏教室和師資。老師薪水低，導致念不起私立學校只能讀公立學校的眾多窮人家子女，無法接受適合的教導。

Now, after losing more than two years of in-person instruction, schools face the challenge of educating many students who have fallen even further behind. Although the Philippines offered online instruction during the pandemic, many students lacked access to computers or internet connections, and overburdened parents often found it hard to keep tabs on their children’s remote learning.
如今，在面對面授課停擺兩年多後，學校面臨的挑戰是學習進度落後更多的學生。雖然菲國政府在疫情期間提供線上課程，許多學生卻沒有電腦或網路連線，負擔過重的父母親經常發現付不起子女遠距學習費用。

In some cases, students’ already tenuous connection to school may have been severed entirely after so long away.
在某些個案，學生和學校的聯繫原本就斷斷續續，經過疫情封校這麼久的折騰，學生跟學校可能完全失聯。

In many other countries, as the negative effects of online learning became well documented, governments elected to send children back to classrooms even as the coronavirus continued to circulate widely.
在許多其他國家，線上學習的負面效應已經被詳細記載。縱然新冠疫情持續散布，政府仍決定讓學生返回教室。

But in the Philippines, government officials and parents remained hesitant, with fears that schoolchildren could bring the virus to homes crowded with multiple generations of family members, potentially overtaxing a creaky health care system.
但是在菲律賓，政府和父母親仍猶豫不決，擔心子女會把病毒從校園帶回家，殃及數代同擠一堂的家人，可能會讓已搖搖欲墜的健康照護體系負擔過重。

Starting in late 2021, the government began to experiment with conducting in-person classes in about 300 schools, but has begun expanding it to cover all primary and secondary schools. Currently only some schools are in-person all five weekdays; by November, all of the country’s roughly 47,000 schools will be.
從2021年晚期起，菲國政府從300間學校開始實驗師生面對面上課，現已擴及到全國小學和國中。目前只有部分學校一周五天都是實體上課。到11月的時候，菲律賓全國約4萬7千所學校都會恢復實體上課。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/6567634

《15Mins X Roichen》 本集節目由【Roichen正脊坐墊】贊助播出

【通勤學英語】粉絲52折專屬優惠 https://s.add.one/5nxfbn

#市售唯一依男女體型設計的正脊坐墊
它牌只有分大人和小孩的尺寸，但其實男女體型骨盆角度不同，
需要專屬尺寸設計，市售唯一有男、女和兒童3種專屬尺寸可選購。

#獨家支撐設計
坐墊不易滑動，即使不搭配椅子，直接在地面或者平面使用，當作和室椅都可以。

#韓國第一入口網站NAVER家飾配件使用滿意高度認證
榮獲200多項專利、認證、設計以及系統認證的殊榮，
其中包括紅點設計大獎、Good Design、PIN UP等獎項。

#通過SGS檢測不含有毒物質與安全性測試
最大可承受220~350公斤都可維持平穩正確的坐姿，
不會形成椅墊扭曲或晃動。

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歡迎來到本週的《Teacher's Lounge 幕後教師室》，今天John&Patrick老師要來探討面試準備的技巧，希望能夠分享一些實用的建議，讓大家在面試中表現更出色，因此我們挑選了求職者都可以輕鬆面對面試問題的PRER方法。

什麼是PREP ? P - Problem, R-Response, E-Example, P-Plan

源自於公開演講Public speaking方法，PREP可以提供求職者架構，好讓你在面試時不會過份的依賴預先準備的念稿。透過使用談話架構，求職的家族們只要加入自己的專長跟經驗或資歷，就能夠擺脫面試如背誦稿一樣的不自在。

我們也鼓勵通勤家族們主動尋找更多的練習機會。比如說與朋友進行模擬面試、參加工作坊或線上課程，甚至是把自己的面試回答錄起來以後進行檢討改進。通過不斷地練習，將能夠更加自信地應對各種面試場景。

希望今天的幕後教師室能幫助你成功應對面試的挑戰。如果你有任何想法或經驗，歡迎留言給我們！也別忘了追蹤通勤學英語的Instagram帳號，或是訂閱我們的Podcast頻道VIP會員方案，可以獲得更多有關英語學習的資源喔：https://www.instagram.com/15mins_today/

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This week is Songkran in Thailand! We've been having a streak of festivities since Lunar New Year this year and in the April holiday season, people are going to celebrate the Songkran~

Patrick is going to give us some background to the Songkran, and also three, water related idioms that the 15Mins family can use.

If you have celebrated Songkran before, drop us a message and we will give you a shout out in the next episode!

Hope you will enjoy this episode with us as much as we enjoyed producing it!
更多15Mins Cafe節目: www.15mins.today/15mins-cafe
歡迎主題投稿/意見回覆 : ask15mins@gmail.com
商業合作/贊助來信：15minstoday@gmail.com

安美大望｜買房新哲學 ETF概念宅

．Environment環境造就心境

．Texture質感織就情感

．Fortune財富成就豐富

台茂商圈／五福國小預定地／李天鐸建築／3-4房雙車位

2-4房保值首選：https://fstry.pse.is/5t2fd5

—— 以上為 Firstory Podcast 廣告 ——

《15Mins X Roichen》 本集節目由【Roichen正脊坐墊】贊助播出

【通勤學英語】粉絲52折專屬優惠 https://s.add.one/5nxfbn

#市售唯一依男女體型設計的正脊坐墊
它牌只有分大人和小孩的尺寸，但其實男女體型骨盆角度不同，
需要專屬尺寸設計，市售唯一有男、女和兒童3種專屬尺寸可選購。

#獨家支撐設計
坐墊不易滑動，即使不搭配椅子，直接在地面或者平面使用，當作和室椅都可以。

#韓國第一入口網站NAVER家飾配件使用滿意高度認證
榮獲200多項專利、認證、設計以及系統認證的殊榮，
其中包括紅點設計大獎、Good Design、PIN UP等獎項。

#通過SGS檢測不含有毒物質與安全性測試
最大可承受220~350公斤都可維持平穩正確的坐姿，
不會形成椅墊扭曲或晃動。

【通勤學英語】粉絲52折專屬優惠 https://s.add.one/5nxfbn
（品牌限定優惠，請使用 Fb或 Line 登入，即可看到專屬優惠價）


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國際時事跟讀 Ep.K755 : Shohei Ohtani's Interpreter Dismissed Amid Allegations of Theft and Illegal Gambling

Highlights 主題摘要：

Baseball sensation Shohei Ohtani's long-time interpreter, Ippei Mizuhara, has been fired by the Los Angeles Dodgers after allegations of theft connected to illegal gambling surfaced. The controversy arose when it was reported that significant amounts of money were transferred from Ohtani's bank account to an illicit gambling operation, allegedly facilitated by Mizuhara.
大聯盟球星大谷翔平的資深口譯員水原一平因涉嫌參與非法賭博而被洛杉磯道奇隊解雇。當指控指向水原協助將大谷的大筆資金轉移到非法賭博活動中時，這場爭議浮上檯面。

The news came at a critical juncture as Ohtani embarked on his regular season debut with the Dodgers. Despite the excitement surrounding his performance, the allegations against Mizuhara cast a shadow over the team. The Dodgers swiftly took action, terminating Mizuhara's contract as they launched investigations into the matter.
這個新聞爆料時正值大谷首次以道奇隊球員身份出戰例行賽的關鍵時刻。儘管人們因為大谷的表現而興奮，但針對水原指控的陰影仍籠罩著球隊。道奇隊隨後迅速採取行動，終止了水原的合約，並展開調查。

Investigations revealed that approximately $4.5 million was transferred from Ohtani's account to a bookmaker, raising questions about the legality of sports betting, particularly in states like California where it remains prohibited. While Ohtani himself is not implicated in any wrongdoing, the incident has brought to light the stringent policies of Major League Baseball, which prohibit any form of betting related to baseball games.
調查顯示，大約有450萬美元從大谷的帳戶轉移到一名賭博業者手中，這引發了對於體育賭博合法性的質疑，尤其是在像加州這樣的州，這類活動仍然被禁止。雖然大谷本人並未涉及任何不法行為，但這起事件揭露了大聯盟棒球的嚴格政策，禁止任何形式與棒球比賽有關的賭博。

Conflicting accounts have emerged regarding Ohtani's involvement in covering Mizuhara's gambling debts. Initially, reports suggested that Ohtani had transferred funds to assist Mizuhara, but subsequent statements from both parties contradicted this narrative. Ohtani's legal representatives have since accused Mizuhara of perpetrating "massive theft," intensifying the controversy.
關於大谷是否曾協助水原償還賭債的說法仍存在分歧。最初的報導指出，大谷曾轉賬協助水原，但隨後雙方的聲明卻相互矛盾。大谷的法律代表隨後指控水原實施了“大規模盜竊”，進一步加劇了爭議。

Despite the upheaval, Ohtani remains focused on his game, determined to maintain his stellar performance on the baseball diamond. However, the scandal involving his former interpreter underscores the challenges faced by athletes both on and off the field. As investigations continue, the baseball world awaits clarity and resolution in this troubling saga.
儘管風波不斷，大谷仍專注於比賽，決心在棒球場上維持出色的表現。然而，與他的前口譯員有關的醜聞凸顯了運動員在場上和場下所面臨的挑戰。隨著調查的不斷深入，棒球界正等待著這場令人不安的事件得以澄清和解決。

The implications of Mizuhara's actions extend beyond baseball, raising questions about the trust placed in interpreters by athletes. As a long-time companion of Ohtani, Mizuhara played a pivotal role in facilitating communication and ensuring Ohtani's comfort, making the betrayal felt by Ohtani and the Dodgers particularly poignant.
水原的行為影響不僅僅局限於棒球領域，還引發了人們看待運動員對口譯員賦予信任的質疑。作為大谷的多年同伴，水原在促進溝通和確保大谷舒適方面發揮了關鍵作用，使大谷和道奇隊對他的背叛感到格外深刻。

Moreover, Mizuhara's admission of gambling debts highlights the destructive consequences of unchecked behavior and the need for increased awareness and support for those struggling with addiction. As legal proceedings unfold, there are likely to be ramifications for Mizuhara and potentially others involved in the alleged gambling operation, underscoring the importance of integrity and accountability within professional sports.
此外，水原對賭債的承認凸顯了行為不檢的破壞性後果，以及提高人們對於成癮者的認知與支持。隨著法律程序的推展，水原和其他可能涉及賭博的人也會受到影響，進一步凸顯了職業運動中誠信和責任的重要性。

In the midst of this controversy, Ohtani's resilience serves as a beacon of hope, reminding fans and fellow athletes alike of the power of perseverance in the face of adversity. As the baseball world awaits the outcome of investigations, the incident serves as a sobering reminder of the complexities inherent in the world of professional sports.
在這場爭議中，大谷的韌性成為希望之光，提醒球迷和其他運動員，在逆境中堅持不懈的力量。隨著棒球界期待調查結果的公布，這起事件成為一個深刻的提醒，突顯了職業運動界固有的複雜性。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字：

Interpreter (In-ter-pret-er): Allegations against Shohei Ohtani's interpreter highlight the importance of trust and integrity in professional sports environments worldwide.Facilitated (Fa-cil-i-tat-ed): The controversy arose when it was reported that significant amounts of money were transferred from Ohtani's bank account to an illicit gambling operation, allegedly facilitated by Mizuhara.Contradicted (Con-tra-dict-ed): Initially, reports suggested that Ohtani had transferred funds to assist Mizuhara, but subsequent statements from both parties contradicted this narrative.Perpetrating (Per-pe-trat-ing): Ohtani's legal representatives have since accused Mizuhara of perpetrating "massive theft," intensifying the controversy.Upheaval (Up-heav-al): Despite the upheaval, Ohtani remains focused on his game, determined to maintain his stellar performance on the baseball diamond.

Reference article:
1. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-68622772
2. https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-03-20/gambling-story

安美大望｜買房新哲學 ETF概念宅

．Environment環境造就心境

．Texture質感織就情感

．Fortune財富成就豐富

台茂商圈／五福國小預定地／李天鐸建築／3-4房雙車位

2-4房保值首選：https://fstry.pse.is/5t2fd5

—— 以上為 Firstory Podcast 廣告 ——

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Topic: In age-old ritual, Mexican mayor weds alligator to secure abundance

A small town Mexican mayor married his alligator bride in a colorful ceremony as traditional music rang out and revelers danced while imploring the indigenous leader to seal the nuptials with a kiss.
墨西哥一個小鎮市長在一場多采多姿的儀式中，迎娶了他的鱷魚新娘，現場演奏傳統音樂、狂歡者翩翩起舞，同時懇求這位原住民領袖用一個吻來為婚禮封印。

San Pedro Huamelula Mayor Victor Hugo Sosa obliged more than once during Thursday’s wedding, bending down to plant his lips on the small alligator’s snout, which had been tied shut presumably to avoid unwanted biting.
在週四的婚禮上，聖．佩德羅．瓦米魯拉的市長維克多．雨果．索薩不只一次答應要求，彎腰把嘴唇湊上這隻小鱷魚的鼻子，而小鱷魚的鼻子被緊緊綁住，大概是為了避免不必要的咬傷。

The ritual marriage likely dates back centuries to pre-Hispanic times among Oaxaca state’s Chontal and Huave indigenous communities, like a prayer pleading for nature’s bounty.
在墨西哥瓦哈卡州Chontal及Huave的原住民社會中，這種婚禮儀式就像是一個祈禱，祈求大自然的恩賜，可能可以追溯好幾個世紀，一直到前西班牙時代。

Oaxaca, located in Mexico’s poor south, is arguably the country’s richest in indigenous culture and home to many groups that have stubbornly maintained their languages and traditions.
瓦哈卡州位在墨西哥貧窮的南部地區，可說是墨國原住民文化最豐富的地區，也是許多堅持維護他們的語言和傳統的群體的家鄉。

Next Article

In Mexico, those searching for missing relatives can vanish too 在墨西哥，尋找失蹤親友的人也會跟著消失
70-years-old Maria Herrera is scraping at the earth on a hill in the town of Huitzuco, in southern Mexico, looking for the mounds that indicate a decaying corpse.
70歲的瑪莉亞．赫雷拉在墨西哥南部威特蘇科鎮的山上四處挖掘，希望找到代表埋有腐爛屍體的土堆。

Digging in the dirt with a group of 100 other activists in the violent state of Guerrero, she wants to find her four missing son.
在暴力事件頻傳的格雷羅州，赫雷拉與100名行動人士一起挖土，想要找到4名失蹤的兒子。

More than 40,000 people are missing in Mexico, which has been swept by a wave of violence since the government declared war on the country’s powerful drug cartels in 2006.
2006年，墨西哥政府向勢力龐大的販毒集團宣戰後，這個國家就被暴力事件肆虐，目前已有逾4萬人失蹤。

At first, Herrera and her husband used the profits gained by selling household goods door to door to launch gold exchange business, which involved traveling the country to buy and sell gold.
起初，赫雷拉和丈夫用挨家挨戶賣居家用品的收入，展開黃金兌換生意，包括全國走透透買賣黃金。

They did not realize a bloody cartel turf war was just breaking out in the state. They believe a local cartel mistook the brothers, Jesus and Raul, for members of a rival group and were captured. Two more brothers started looking for them but disappeared too.
但他們沒料到，一場腥風血雨的毒梟地盤之爭已在國內爆發。他們相信，自家兒子赫塞斯和羅爾，是被一個地方販毒集團誤認為敵營的人，才被俘虜。另外2名兒子開始尋找兩人後，也下落不明。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1539233 ; https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/1292410

Next Article

Topic: ‘We’re Living in Hell’: Inside Mexico’s Most Terrified City

The violence was already terrifying, she said, when grenades exploded outside her church in broad daylight some five years ago. Then children in town were kidnapped, disappearing without a trace. Then the bodies of the executed were dumped in city streets.
她說，大約五年前，光天化日下手榴彈在她的教會外爆炸，這種暴力已經夠嚇人了。接著鎮上的孩子被綁架，消失得無影無蹤。然後他們被處刑的屍體丟棄在城市街道上。

And then came the day last month when armed men burst into her home, dragged her 15-year-old son and two of his friends outside and shot them to death, leaving Guadalupe — who didn’t want her full name published out of fear of the men — too terrified to leave the house.
接下來是上個月的那一天，武裝男子闖進她家，將她的15歲兒子和兒子兩個友人拖出屋外射殺，讓瓜達魯佩太過驚嚇以致於不敢離開家，因為害怕那些男子，她不希望刊出全名。

“I do not want the night to come,” she said, through tears. “Living with fear is no life at all.”
「我不希望黑夜來臨」，她流著淚說，「活在恐懼中完全不是人過的日子」。

For most of the population of Fresnillo, a mining city in central Mexico, a fearful existence is the only one they know; 96% of residents say they feel unsafe, the highest percentage of any city in Mexico, according to a recent survey from Mexico’s national statistics agency.
對於弗雷斯尼約這個墨西哥中部礦城的大多數人而言，他們知道的只有一項可怕現實。根據墨西哥國家統計局最近一項調查，96%居民說他們感覺不安全，是墨西哥所有城市比率最高者。

The economy can boom and bust, presidents and parties and their promises can come and go, but for the city’s 140,000 people, as for many in Mexico, there is a growing sense that no matter what changes, the violence endures.
經濟可以暴起大落，總統和政黨以及他們的承諾來來去去，但對這座城市的14萬人來說，如同墨西哥許多城市，不論有什麼改變，暴力依舊持續，這種意見正在增加。

In 2018, during his run for president, Andrés Manuel López Obrador offered a grand vision to remake Mexico. Instead of arresting and killing traffickers as previous leaders had done, he would focus on the causes of violence: “hugs not bullets,” he called it. He was swept to victory.
2018年總統選戰期間，羅培茲提出重塑墨西哥的遠大願景，他不像歷任領導人所做的逮捕並殺掉壞蛋，而是聚焦暴力的成因，他稱之為「擁抱而非子彈」。他壓倒式勝選。

But three years after his landslide win, and with his Morena party in control of Congress, the drumbeat of death continues, suggesting that López Obrador’s approach has failed, fueling in many a paralyzing helplessness.
但在他壓倒式勝利以及他的國家復興運動黨掌控國會三年後，死亡的鼓聲持續著，暗示羅培茲的方法已經失敗，激起許多人有如麻痹的無助感。

“We’re living in hell,” said Victor Piña, who ran for mayor of Fresnillo in the June elections and watched an aide gunned down beside him during a pre-campaign event.
「我們活在地獄裡」，今年6月參選弗雷斯尼約市長的維克多．皮納說，他在一場選前活動中看到一名幕僚在他身旁遭槍擊。

Zacatecas, the state Fresnillo is in, has the country’s highest murder rate, with 122 deaths in June, according to the Mexican government. Across Mexico, murders have dropped less than 1% since López Obrador took office, according to the country’s statistics agency. That was enough for the president to claim that there had been an improvement on a problem his administration inherited.
弗雷斯尼約所在的薩卡特卡斯州，謀殺率為全國最高，根據墨西哥政府，6月有122人死亡。根據國家統計局，羅培茲上任以來，墨西哥全國各地謀殺率下降不到1%，這已足夠讓總統宣稱，在他的政府上任後，這個問題已有改善。

Many in Fresnillo disagree.
弗雷斯尼約的許多人不這麼認為。

“‘Hugs not bullets’ doesn’t work,” said Javier Torres Rodríguez, whose brother was shot and killed in 2018. “We’re losing the ability to be shocked.”
「擁抱而非子彈沒有用」，哈維耶．托雷斯．羅里奎茲說，他的兄弟2018年遭槍擊死亡，「我們正失去感到震驚的能力」。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5704988

首款多平台開放世界遊戲《原神》 點擊下方資訊欄了解更多
連結：https://fstry.pse.is/5qvvea


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本週的《幕後教師室》由John老師和Angel老師值班，內容從報復性旅遊（Revenge travel）聊到最近Instagram上的動態。
近期15Mins.Today的Instagram經常在限時動態貼出各種英語小遊戲，其中許多是由Angel老師從各國搜集的圖片製作而成，
歡迎大家每天挑戰練習！想要參與挑戰嗎？立即關注我們的Instagram：https://www.instagram.com/15mins_today/

這集的《幕後教師室》也分享了一個將生活點滴轉化成英語練習的幾個方式。因為我們都知道，透過口語輸出（output）才是真正提升口語能力的關鍵，單純吸收知識的input對於口語能力的提升效果有限。

將生活所看到的聽到的點滴轉化成英語練習步驟包括：
- 透過聯想Association開始
- 換句話說Other words for （找出同義字或反義字 - 聯想的延伸)
- 進行描述練習Description Exercise，可以從簡單的描述開始
- 將以上所產生的英語變成Storytelling - 轉述給親朋好友聽

Storytelling的好處：
- 對於口語輸出的練習至關重要
- 可以幫助激活大腦，促進腦神經的連接
- 不必在意故事的好壞，重要的是激活腦神經

如果本節目對你有所幫助，歡迎在Facebook或Instagram上留言或私訊給John老師。同時，我們也歡迎你訂閱我們的VIP會員方案，以獲得更多英語學習的資源。

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The latest "ultra-fast" fashion e-commerce site is taking Tiktok and Instagram by storm. This site not only has the most affordable goods, but also lightning fast design turnaround times.

In this episode, Lydia and I discuss the rise of Shein and some of the latest info we dug up about this company about to be listed in the United States. If you are a frequent Shein shopper, let us know what goodies you bought and we will give you a shout out!

Hope you will enjoy this episode with us as much as we enjoyed producing it!

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HP Elite Dragonfly 頂級商務筆電，專業設計，頂尖安全！1kg 輕盈機身搭配13.5吋 3:2 螢幕視野，搭配先進的 AI 降噪功能，不限時空從容應對線上會議，工作更有效率！

https://fstry.pse.is/5uf3gt

—— 以上為播客煮與 Firstory Podcast 廣告 ——

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國際時事跟讀 Ep.K755: The Success Story of Daiso: From Humble Beginnings to Global Phenomenon

Highlights 主題摘要：

Daiso Industries Co., Ltd., renowned for its ¥100 stores, has a captivating story behind its success. Founded by Hirotake Yano, a man of humble demeanor, Daiso has flourished into a multi-billion-dollar enterprise with thousands of stores across Japan and abroad.
株式會社大創産業以其百元商店聞名，而它的成功背後有一個引人入勝的故事。由謙遜的矢野博丈創辦，大創已發展成一家市值數十億元的跨國企業，在日本國內外擁有數千家店鋪。

Yano's journey began modestly, operating out of a nondescript office with minimal staff. Despite its unassuming appearance, Daiso's headquarters serves as the nerve center for a company that boasts an impressive annual turnover of over ¥202 billion. What started as a venture selling goods out of a truck has burgeoned into a retail giant with around 2,000 stores nationwide.
矢野的旅程起初很謙卑，他在一個不起眼的辦公室裡以最少的工作人員運作。儘管看上去平易近人，但大創的總部作為一家年營業額超過2020億日元公司的中樞，其重要性不言而喻。從一輛售貨卡車上開始的冒險，已演變成在全球擁有約2000家店面的零售巨頭。

Daiso's uniqueness lies in its ¥100 concept, distinct from conventional dollar stores found in other countries. Unlike their counterparts, Daiso outlets stand alongside upscale boutiques and department stores, catering to a diverse clientele. Despite the absence of elaborate business plans or forecasting meetings, Daiso continues to expand rapidly, opening an average of 30 stores per month.
大創的獨特之處在於其百元概念不同於其他國家的傳統百元店。與其同行不同，大創商店與高檔精品店和百貨公司並立，迎合多元化的客群。儘管沒有複雜的業務計劃或預測會議，大創仍在快速擴張，每月平均開設30家商店。

Yano's unconventional approach to business is reflected in his philosophy of living day by day. With no fixed projections for store expansions, he entrusts the company's growth to destiny. This laid-back attitude belies a history of perseverance and resilience, stemming from Yano's experiences, including overcoming family bankruptcy and personal setbacks.
矢野另闢蹊徑的業務模式反映在他的日常哲學中。大創沒有對店面擴張的固定企劃，他把公司的增長交給了命運。這種悠閒的態度掩飾了矢野一路以來的堅毅不拔，包括克服家族破產和個人挫折等經歷。

The essence of Daiso's success lies in its commitment to quality and affordability. Despite the nominal price tag, Yano ensures that products meet stringent standards, debunking the myth that low price equates to inferior quality. Daiso's extensive product range, sourced globally, offers customers a diverse array of items, ranging from household essentials to novelty goods, all priced at ¥100.
大創成功的精髓在於其對品質和價格的承諾。儘管標價低廉，但矢野確保產品符合嚴格的標準，打破了便宜等於劣質的迷思。大創廣泛的產品種類來自全球各地，為客戶提供從家庭必需品到新奇好貨等各種各樣的商品，全部售價都是100日元。

In addition to its domestic triumphs, Daiso has embarked on a strategic international expansion, setting up stores in countries like Singapore and Taiwan. Yano's cautious approach to overseas growth reflects his aversion to corporate greed, a principle he upholds steadfastly. As Daiso continues to evolve, it remains a testament to Yano's vision and the enduring appeal of the ¥100 phenomenon.
除了在國內取得的成功之外，大創還開始它戰略性的國際擴張，在新加坡和台灣等國家開設了商店。矢野對海外展店的謹慎反映了他對企業貪婪的厭惡，這也是他堅持的原則。隨著大創的不斷發展，它依然是矢野願景的見證，以及百元現象持久吸引力的象徵。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字：

Captivating (Cap-ti-va-ting): Daiso Industries Co., Ltd., renowned for its ¥100 stores, has a captivating story behind its success.Elaborate (E-lab-o-rate): Despite the absence of elaborate business plans or forecasting meetings, Daiso continues to expand rapidly.Unconventional (Un-con-ven-tion-al): Yano's unconventional approach to business is reflected in his philosophy of living day by day.Perseverance (Per-se-ver-ance): This laid-back attitude belies a history of perseverance and resilience, stemming from Yano's experiences.Affordability (Af-ford-a-bil-i-ty): The essence of Daiso's success lies in its commitment to quality and affordability.

Reference article:
1. https://edition.cnn.com/2024/02/20/business/japan-daiso-founder-hirotake-yano-intl-hnk/index.html
2. https://www.tokyoweekender.com/japan-life/news-and-opinion/daiso-the-story-behind-the-%C2%A5100-phenomenon/

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Topic: Water-Stressed India Seeks a Tap for Every Home

The pipes are laid, the taps installed and the village tank is under construction — all promising signs that, come spring, Girja Ahriwar will get water at her doorstep and finally shed a lifelong burden.

管子鋪好，水龍頭裝好，村子的水槽正在建造。這些充滿希望的跡象顯示，春季來臨時，吉爾嘉．艾里瓦可以在家門口取到水，而且終於解除長期以來的負擔。

“I go out and put the jerrycans in the queue at around 5 a.m. and wait there with the children,” Ahriwar, a mother of three who lives in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, said about her routine of fetching from the village hand pump. “Sometimes it could take five or six hours. I have to stay there
because if I leave, someone else moves ahead.”

「我大約在清晨5時出門，把大水桶排進隊伍，然後和孩子們一起等待」，住在印度中部中央邦、三個孩子的媽艾里瓦說，她的例行公事就是從村子的手動泵浦取水，「有時候得花五或六個小時，我必須一直留在這裡，因為如果我離開了，其他人就會搶先往前」。

India, one of the world’s most water-stressed countries, is halfway through an ambitious drive to provide clean tap water by 2024 to all of the roughly 192 million households across its 600,000 villages. About 18,000 government engineers are overseeing the $50 billion undertaking, which includes hundreds of thousands of contractors and laborers who are laying more than 2.5 million miles of pipe.

印度是全世界用水最吃緊的國家之一，在2024年之前提供60萬個村落共約1億9200萬戶乾淨自來水，這項宏大的計畫已進行到一半。約1萬8000名政府工程師監督規模500億美元的工程，包括數十萬名包商和工人，鋪設超過250萬哩的水管。

The project has a powerful champion in Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who has slashed through India’s notorious red tape and pushed aside thorny political divisions to see it through. His success thus far helps explain his dominance over the country’s political landscape.

這項計畫有個有力的擁護者：總理莫迪，他打破印度惡名昭彰的官僚作風，把棘手的政治分歧暫放一邊，推動計畫。目前為止他的成功也顯示他在這個國家政治版圖的主導力。

Modi has remained popular despite a weak economy and a bungled initial response to the coronavirus that left hundreds of thousands dead. He has increasingly relied on communal politics, continuing to consolidate a Hindu nationalist base he has worked for decades to rally.

即使經濟疲弱，且一開始對新冠病毒的笨拙反應造成數十萬人死亡，莫迪仍舊廣得人心。他日漸依賴宗教團體式政治，持續鞏固印度教國族主義基本盤，他投注數十年整合這些勢力。

But the mission to deliver water to every household combines two of Modi’s political strengths: his grasp of the day-to-day problems of hundreds of millions of India’s poor and his penchant for ambitious solutions. Modi, who grew up in a poor village, has spoken emotionally about his own mother’s hardship in fetching water.

不過，將水送到所有家戶的任務，結合莫迪的兩個政治力量：他對印度數億貧窮人口日常問題的理解，以及喜好採取極具雄心的解決方案。在貧窮村莊長大的莫迪，曾充滿感情的談到母親以前取水的困難。

About one-sixth of India’s households had a clean water tap when the program, called Jal Jeevan Mission, began in 2019. Now, almost half have one.

當這個「水生活任務」2019年開始時，印度家戶有潔淨自來水者約六分之一。現在，幾乎一半。

“You rarely have this drive from the government, the head of state, and it is well funded. Behind the concept, there is budget,” said Nicolas Osbert, who leads the UNICEF water and sanitation unit in India. “All social sectors were impacted by COVID. Not this one. This one was preserved.”

「你很少能從政府或國家領袖獲得這種推動力，而且資金充裕。在這個概念後面，重點是預算」，聯合國兒童基金會印度分部水資源和衛生主管歐斯柏特說，「所有社福單位都遭遇新冠病毒衝擊，但這個沒有，這個計畫保留下來」。

The country’s water problem speaks to the mismatch between its global economic ambitions and the dire conditions of much of its 1.4 billion population, two-thirds of whom still live in rural areas.

這個國家的用水問題顯示，其全球經濟野心和14億人口中許多人的悲慘情況，頗不相配。印度人口三分之二住在鄉村地區。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/6034821

Next Article

Topic: Typhoonless year brings water shortage in fall/winter

Most years, Taiwan is hit by typhoons during the summer and fall, but we have yet to see a typhoon this year. This unusual situation has put pressure on water supply levels in reservoirs around Taiwan.
台灣每年夏、秋兩季颱風頻繁，但詭異的是，今年截至目前為止，竟無任何一個颱風登陸台灣，造成水庫缺水問題。

Due to global warming, the typhoons generated in the Pacific Ocean this year have all moved northward, bypassing Taiwan. Although successive fronts and afternoon showers have brought rainfall, it was only fragmented, covering limited areas and did little to replenish reservoirs. As a result, the reservoir storage this year is lower than in previous years.
這是因為全球暖化之影響，今年大平洋生成的颱風往北移，導致沒有任何一個颱風進來台灣，雖然陸續有鋒面及午後陣雨帶來雨量，但下雨範圍多為局部地區，導致水庫蓄水量較往年低。

According to the Water Resource Agency, as of 2pm yesterday, the Shihmen Reservoir’s water storage was 44 percent of capacity, the Feicuei Reservoir’s was 62.3 percent and the Zengwen Reservoir’s was 31.3 percent. Two of the three major water reservoirs have less than 50 percent of their water storage capacity.
水利署資料顯示，截至昨日下午二時為止，石門水庫蓄水量為百分之四十四，翡翠水庫蓄水量百分之六十二點三，曾文水庫蓄水率百分之三十一點三，三大水庫中有兩座儲水量低於五成。

In order to prepare for demand for water next year, the government has decided to implement three measures to control water usage. Firstly, starting from last Wednesday, night water pressure in the Taoyuan, Hsinchu and Miaoli areas was to be lowered from 11pm through to 5am the following day. Secondly, the irrigation of some areas of Taoyuan, Hsinchu and Miaoli was to be suspended, and farmers affected by the measures will receive government compensation. Thirdly, the Ministry of Economic Affairs is setting up a central drought response center to better respond to the crisis and to distribute water resources according to needs. Taiwanese are advised to take water-saving measures.
為審慎因應明年用水需求，政府實施三項因應措施。第一，桃竹苗中自上週三起，每天晚上十一點至隔日清晨五點實施減壓供水；第二，桃竹苗部分地區的農田，將停止供灌，政府也會給予補償，維持農民生活；第三，經濟部將成立抗旱中央應變中心，拉高應變層級，做好調度節水，更請全民配合省水。Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2020/10/19/2003745390

Next Article

Topic: Gel-like ice is the lightest form of waterer ever discovered 迄今發現最輕盈的水形態，凝膠般的冰

The frosty cubes we pull from our freezers are just one of 17 possible types of ice, and an 18th type isn’t far from being made real.
我們從冰箱裡拿出來的冰塊，只是17種可能出現的冰類型之一，而第18種冰類型的出現，距離也不遠了。

Hexagonal ice, and the occasional cubic ice in our upper atmosphere, are the only two forms that occur naturally on Earth. Other ices might be found on exoplanets or in the atmospheres of the outer planets.
「六角形晶體結構冰」和偶爾出現的「立方體構冰」存在於我們的上層大氣，是唯二能在地球上自然形成的冰類型。其他類型的冰，則可見於系外行星或外行星的大氣層中。

Under atmospheric pressure or higher, water molecules get squeezed and freeze into a solid denser than normal ice. But when the pressure drops below this, water molecules become a less-dense, lightweight crystal that’s more air than molecule – like an icy candy floss. So far, we only know of two kinds of low-density ice: space fullerenes and zeolitic ices. But lighter ice structures hadn’t been spotted until now.
在一般大氣壓力或更高壓的情況下，被擠壓的水分子凝固成比正常水冰更密集的固體。不過，當大氣壓力降低，水分子會轉變成輕盈、密度較低的晶體，分子內含有更多空氣，就像是冰的棉花糖。目前，我們只知道兩種低密度的冰：「富勒烯冰」和「沸石冰」。更輕盈的冰結構，迄今仍未被辨識。

Masakazu Matsumoto at Okayama University in Japan and his team played molecular Jenga to find this new type of ice, removing and reconfiguring existing zeolitic ice structures to make them lighter. They found more than 300 different nanoscale structures through computer simulations.
日本岡山理科大學的松本正和研究團隊，透過分子疊疊樂，發現這款新類型的冰；他們移除並重新配置既存的「沸石冰」結構，使其更加輕盈。研究團隊透過電腦模擬，找出超過300種不同的奈米尺度結構。Source article: http://iservice.ltn.com.tw/Service/english/english.php?engno=1161164&day=2017-12-18

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接續上週的幕後教師室，今天的《Teacher's Lounge》John老師和阿鍵老師要來談談怎麼將《高效人士的七個習慣》應用在英語學習啦！

《高效人士的七個習慣》（The seven habits of highly effective people）是由史蒂芬‧柯維 (Stephen R. Covey) 所撰寫，七個習慣依序是：
1. 積極主動 Be Proactive
2. 以終為始 Begin with the End in Mind
3. 要事第一 Put First Things First
4. 雙贏思維 Think Win/Win
5. 知彼知己 Seek First to Understand, Then to Be Understood
6. 統合綜效 Synergize
7. 不斷更新 Sharpen the Saw

這七種習慣不管是在人生的各種階段都可以有不同的領悟，熟悉這些心法對你的生活可以說受用無窮，
快來收聽今天的節目，了解該怎麼將它應用在生活上吧！

另外通勤學英語的IG最近也有很多動作喔，包含每週精選字卡，
限動小遊戲等等，現在就追蹤起來吧：https://www.instagram.com/15mins_today/

如果今天的內容對你有幫助，歡迎到FB/IG留言或私訊給John老師，
也歡迎訂閱我們的跟讀VIP會員或是學習大禮包方案，獲得更多英語學習的資源。
如果今天的內容對你有幫助，歡迎到FB/IG留言或私訊給John老師，也歡迎訂閱我們的VIP會員方案，獲得更多英語學習的資源。

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Ever experienced romance that made you lost your way? The feeling of wanting something so bad, yet making you so weak?

Before the season of Summer, it's the best time to start a romantic pursuit so that it will blossom when Summer holidays arrive. Shimin and I discuss a song that was inspired from an in-flight experience that became a Jazz sensation.

Check this song out: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DkC9bCuahC8 .

Want a shout out? Send us your shares and comments using the comment link and we'll give you a shout out in the next episode.
Hope you will enjoy this episode with us as much as we enjoyed producing it!

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安美大望｜買房新哲學 ETF概念宅

．Environment環境造就心境

．Texture質感織就情感

．Fortune財富成就豐富

台茂商圈／五福國小預定地／李天鐸建築／3-4房雙車位

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—— 以上為 Firstory Podcast 廣告 ——

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國際時事跟讀VIP Ep.K751: 台灣對食品中的蘇丹紅實施永久禁令
Taiwan Implements Permanent Ban on Sudan Reds in Food Products

Highlights 主題摘要：

In a significant announcement, Taiwan's Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has taken a decisive step in combating the presence of Sudan red, a known carcinogenic dye banned in food products. The FDA's recent declaration underscores the gravity of the situation, with manufacturers and importers facing severe consequences if traces of Sudan red are detected in their food items. This includes the imposition of a permanent importer ban, signaling a zero-tolerance policy towards the substance. Notably, the FDA's strategy also involves the destruction of imports containing Sudan red, rather than opting to return them to manufacturers, as emphasized by FDA Director-General Wu Shou-mei during the announcement.
在一項重大宣告中，衛福部食藥署（FDA）採取了決定性的步驟來打擊蘇丹紅的存在，這是一種已知的食品禁用的致癌染料。食藥署最近的聲明凸顯了情況的嚴重性，製造商和進口商如果在其食品中檢測到蘇丹紅的痕跡，將面臨嚴重後果。這包括對進口商實施永久禁令，表明對該物質的零容忍政策。值得注意的是，在公告中，食藥署署長吳秀梅強調，食藥署的策略還涉及銷毀含有蘇丹紅的進口品，而不是選擇將其退回給製造商。

Since December of the previous year, the FDA has rigorously tested every shipment of chili powder from China. This meticulous approach has led to the removal of over 205 tonnes of products found to contain Sudan red. Plans are underway to destroy these tainted food products, pending authorization from a panel of experts. The introduction of these new guidelines serves a dual purpose: to prevent Chinese manufacturers from attempting to relabel contaminated products and to deter any further attempts to export them to Taiwan.
自去年12月以來，食藥署已經對每一批來自中國的辣椒粉進行了嚴格的測試。這種細致入微的方法已導致超過205噸含有蘇丹紅的產品被移除。正在制定計劃銷毀這些受污染的食品產品，等待專家小組的授權。這些新指導方針的推出具有雙重目的：防止中國製造商試圖重新標記受污染的產品，並阻止進一步試圖將其出口到台灣。

The FDA's proactive measures form part of a broader initiative aimed at safeguarding public health and upholding stringent food safety standards. Notably, the measures do not target exporters from countries with different food safety regulations but focus on penalizing entities that deliberately include harmful substances in their products. This careful delineation is essential for maintaining harmonious international trade relations while ensuring the safety and well-being of consumers within Taiwan.
食藥署的主動措施是更廣泛的保護公共健康和堅持嚴格的食品安全標準的倡議的一部分。值得注意的是，這些措施並不針對具有不同食品安全法規的國家的出口商，而是主要針對那些故意在其產品中包含有害物質的單位實施懲罰。這種細緻的界定對於維護和諧的國際貿易關係以及確保台灣消費者的安全和福祉至關重要。

Sudan red, classified as a Group II carcinogen by the World Health Organization (WHO), presents significant health risks, necessitating swift regulatory action. Recent incidents involving tainted food products highlight the pressing need for proactive measures to combat food adulteration effectively. The FDA's decisive action not only sets a precedent for the strict enforcement of food safety regulations but also underscores the government's unwavering commitment to protecting public health and consumer interests across Taiwan.
蘇丹紅被世界衛生組織（WHO）列為二級致癌物，存在著顯著的健康風險，需要迅速的監管行動。最近涉及受污染食品的事件凸顯了採取積極措施有效打擊食品掺偽的迫切需要。食藥署的果斷行動不僅為嚴格執行食品安全法規設立了榜樣，還凸顯了政府對保護台灣公眾健康和消費者利益的堅定承諾。

In conclusion, Taiwan's FDA has adopted a resolute stance against Sudan red contamination in food products, implementing a permanent ban on importers and manufacturers found with traces of this carcinogenic dye. These measures signify a proactive approach aimed at ensuring food safety and safeguarding consumer health. They serve as a testament to the government's dedication to maintaining robust regulatory oversight within the food industry, thereby reinforcing public trust and confidence in the safety of food products available in Taiwan.
總之，衛福部食藥署已經採取了堅定的立場，反對食品中的蘇丹紅污染，對被發現有這種致癌染料痕跡的進口商和製造商實施了永久禁令。這些措施表明了一種積極主動的方法，目標是確保食品安全並保護消費者健康。它們也證明了政府對在食品行業嚴格執行食品安全法規設立了榜樣，從而加強了公眾對台灣食品安全的信賴與信心。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字：

Carcinogenic (Car-cin-o-gen-ic): Taiwan's FDA enforces a permanent ban on Sudan red in food products, emphasizing zero tolerance for this carcinogenic dye.Rigorously (Rig-or-ous-ly): Since December of the previous year, the FDA has rigorously tested every shipment of chili powder from China.Safeguard (Safe-guard): The FDA's actions stem from a broader initiative to safeguard public health and ensure stringent food safety standards.Adulteration (A-dul-ter-a-tion): Recent incidents involving tainted food products underscore the importance of proactive measures to combat food adulteration.Deliberately (De-li-ber-ate-ly): Notably, the measures do not target exporters from countries with different food safety regulations but focus on penalizing entities that deliberately include harmful substances in their products.

Reference article:
1. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/5107782
2. https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/5110071
3. https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2024/03/14/2003814906

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Topic: The Magazine Business, From the Coolest Place to the Coldest One

I miss magazines. It’s a strange ache, because they are still sort of with us: staring out from the racks at supermarket checkout lines; fanned wanly around the table in hotel lobbies; showing up in your mailbox long after the subscription was canceled, like an ex who refuses to accept the breakup.

我懷念雜誌，這是一種奇怪的痛，因為它們在某種程度上仍與我們同在。超市排隊結帳時，它們從架上盯著我們；在飯店大廳桌子周圍憔悴晃動；取消訂閱很久後還會出現在信箱，像是拒絕接受分手的舊愛。

But they’re also disappearing. This accelerating erosion has not been big news during a time of pandemic, war and actual erosion, and yet the absence of magazines authoritatively documenting such events, or distracting from them, as they used to do with measured regularity, is keenly felt.

但它們也在消失。在疫情、戰爭與雜誌真的衰微的時期，這種加速衰微並不是什麼大新聞，但人們敏銳地感覺到，缺乏權威性雜誌來記錄這些事件，或像過去那樣定期的讓注意力從這些事情轉移。

Time marches on, or limps, but Life is gone. There’s no more Money. The print editions of their former sister publications Entertainment Weekly and InStyle, which once frothed with profit, stopped publishing in February. It’s been au revoir to Saveur and Marie Claire; shrouds for Playboy, Paper and O. (As I type this, people are tweeting about The Believer being bought by a sex-toy site.)

「時代」雜誌還在前進，或說蹣跚前行，但「生活」雜誌已經逝去。「金錢」雜誌沒了。它們以前的姊妹刊物「娛樂周刊」和「InStyle」印刷版曾獲利豐厚，但已在2月停止出版。大家向「Saveur」和「美麗佳人」告別，也讓「花花公子」、「紙」與O雜誌穿上壽衣。（就在我撰寫此文時，人們在推特上說「The Believer」被一個情趣用品網站收購了。)

Two recent books — “Dilettante,” by Dana Brown, a longtime editor at Vanity Fair, and a new biography of Anna Wintour, by Amy Odell, formerly of cosmopolitan.com — are graveyards of dead or zombie titles that were once glowing hives of human whim.

最近出版的兩本書，「浮華世界」資深編輯達納．布朗的「Dilettante」及柯夢波丹前成員艾咪．歐德爾的安娜溫圖新傳記，有如亡者的墓地，或曾是人類奇想的光輝巢穴冠上了殭屍名號。

“There were so many magazines in 1994,” Brown writes. “So many new magazines, and so many great magazines. All the young talent of the moment was eschewing other industries and flocking to the business. It was the coolest place to be.”

布朗寫道：「1994年有很多雜誌。很多新雜誌，很多很棒的雜誌。當時所有年輕人才避開了其他行業，湧向這個行業。那是最酷的。」

Then suddenly the coldest. On the big fancy cruise ship that Brown had just boarded — Vanity Fair, where he’d been beckoned by Graydon Carter while a barback at the restaurant 44 — he and so many others then could only see the tip of an enormous iceberg they were about to hit: the internet. Smartphones, little self-edited monster magazines that will not rest until their owners die, were on the horizon. These may have looked like life rafts, but they were torpedo boats.

然後突然變成最冰冷的地方。布朗在44號餐廳吧檯用餐時，被總編輯卡特招攬，剛登上有如大型豪華郵輪的「浮華世界」，但他跟其他許多人只能看到他們即將撞上的巨大冰山一角：網路。智慧手機這種自我編輯、直到擁有者死去才會停止的小怪物雜誌也即將來臨。這些東西可能看起來像是救生艇，但它們其實是魚雷艦。

Every year, the American Society of Magazine Editors issues a handsome award, a brutalist-looking elephant called the Ellie, modeled after an Alexander Calder elephant sculpture. Any writer would be proud to have it on the mantelpiece.

每年，美國雜誌編輯協會都會頒發一項大獎，這是一頭野獸派風格、名叫「艾利」的大象獎座，模仿考爾德大象雕塑設計而成。作家都以把它放在壁爐上為榮。

The history of modern American literature is braided together with its magazines. The future can feel like a lot of loose threads, waving in the wind.

現代美國文學史與它的雜誌彼此交織在一起。未來就像是許多鬆散的線，在風中飄揚。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/6379678

Next Article

Topic: The Not-So-Glossy Future of Magazines

One evening in mid-September, a gaggle of writers and bon vivant editors gathered by the outdoor fireplace and ivy-covered trellis of a West Village tavern. Steak was served, and the toasts lasted late into the night, the revelry trickling out to the nearby sidewalk.

九月中旬的一個夜晚，在西村的一家小酒館，一群作家和喜歡享受生活的編輯們聚集在一個室外壁爐和常春藤覆蓋的格狀架子旁。牛排上桌後，眾人杯觥交錯直到深夜，歡鬧聲流瀉到鄰近的人行道上。

It could have been a scene from the Jazz Age heyday of the Manhattan magazine set — or even the 1990s, when glossy monthlies still soaked up millions of dollars in advertising revenue, and editors in chauffeured town cars told the nation what to wear, what to watch and who to read.

這幕場景可能來自爵士時代曼哈坦雜誌業全盛時期，甚至是90年代，以亮光紙印刷的月刊還是廣告收入淹腳目，編輯們坐在司機駕駛的豪華轎車內，告訴全國該穿些什麼、欣賞什麼、閱讀什麼人的年頭。

This night, however, had an elegiac tinge. The staff of Vanity Fair was saluting the magazine’s longtime editor, Graydon Carter, who had announced that he was departing after a 25-year run. In the back garden of Carter’s restaurant, the Waverly Inn, star writers like James Wolcott and Marie Brenner spoke of their gratitude and grief.

不過，這一晚透著一種悲傷的況味。《浮華世界》的員工正向雜誌的長期總編輯葛雷登．卡特致敬。卡特在任職25年後，宣布即將離職。在卡特自家餐廳「韋佛利餐廳」的後花園中，一些明星作家如詹姆士．沃科特、瑪麗．布倫納都表達了他們的謝意和感傷。

Carter has always had a knack for trends. Within two weeks, three other prominent editors — from Time, Elle and Glamour — announced that they, too, would be stepping down. Another titan of the industry, Jann S. Wenner, said he planned to sell his controlling stake in Rolling Stone after a half-century.

卡特一向走在趨勢前端。不出兩星期，又有3位知名雜誌總編，分別是《時代》、《ELLE她》、《魅力》的總編也宣布準備下台。另一個業界巨頭，《滾石》創刊人詹恩．溫納則表示，打算出售他在《滾石》已保有半個世紀的控制性持股。

Suddenly, it seemed, long-standing predictions about the collapse of magazines had come to pass.

突然之間，長久來有關雜誌業終將崩潰的預言，似乎成真了。

Magazines have sputtered for years, their monopoly on readers and advertising erased by Facebook, Google and more nimble online competitors. But editors and executives said the abrupt churn in the senior leadership ranks signaled that the romance of the business was now yielding to financial realities.

雜誌業步履蹣跚已有多年，雜誌對讀者和廣告的壟斷遭到臉書、谷歌和更靈活的網路競爭對手侵奪。編輯和高管表示，高階領導階層的突然異動，說明這一行業的羅曼史正向財務現實低頭。

As publishers grasp for new revenue streams, a “try-anything” approach has taken hold. Time Inc. has a new streaming TV show, “Paws & Claws,” that features viral videos of animals. Hearst started a magazine with the online rental service Airbnb. Increasingly, the longtime core of the business — the print product — is an afterthought, overshadowed by investments in live events, podcasts, video, and partnerships with outside brands.

隨著發行人尋找新的收入來源，「無所不試」的作法開始出現。時代公司因此有了新的串流電視節目《寵物》，主要播出網路瘋傳的動物影片。赫斯特集團與網路出租服務公司Airbnb合辦了一份雜誌。但是雜誌業長久以來的核心─紙本產品卻越來越像後來才添加的產品，對於現場直播、播客、影片的投資，以及和外面品牌的合作關係，都讓紙本產品黯然失色。

The changes represent one of the most fundamental shifts in decades for a business that long relied on a simple formula: glossy volumes thick with high-priced ads.

這些變化代表這一行出現了數十年來最根本的轉變，而這個行業一向仰賴一個簡單公式存活，光鮮亮麗的書冊和滿滿的高價廣告。

“Sentimentality is probably the biggest enemy for the magazine business,” David Carey, president of Hearst Magazines, said in an interview. “You have to embrace the future."

赫斯特雜誌集團總裁大衛．凱里受訪時說：「多愁善感恐怕是雜誌業最大的敵人。你必須迎向未來。」
Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/319070/web/

Next Article

Topic: Edward Enninful Is Named Editor-in-Chief at British Vogue

Edward Enninful, the creative and fashion director of the U.S. magazine W, is set to replace Alexandra Shulman as editor-in-chief of British Vogue, its parent company, Conde Nast, confirmed Monday. The first man and the first black editor to take the helm of Britain’s most powerful fashion publication in its 100-year history, Enninful will begin his new role Aug. 1.

A top stylist and acclaimed fashion director who migrated to Britain from Ghana as a child, the 45-year-old Enninful is known for his cheerful demeanor, his legendary fashion covers and for having an army of loyal fans in and out of the fashion business. He received an Order of the British Empire in June for his services to diversity in the fashion industry.

英國版Vogue雜誌的母公司康泰納仕4月10日證實，美國Ｗ雜誌的創意與時尚總監艾德華．恩寧佛將接替亞歷珊卓．舒爾曼，擔任該雜誌總編輯。恩寧佛將在8月1日走馬上任，他將是這個英國最有影響力的時尚刊物創立一百年來，執掌大權的第一位男性，也是第一位黑人總編輯。
45歲的恩寧佛是頂尖造型師和備受讚譽的時尚總監，他孩童時期從迦納移民英國，以快活的舉止表情、傳奇的時尚雜誌封面，以及在時尚圈內和圈外擁有大批鐵粉聞名。去年6月獲頒大英帝國勳章，表彰他對時尚產業多元化的貢獻。

Conde Nast’s international chairman and chief executive, Jonathan Newhouse, called Enninful “an influential figure in the communities of fashion, Hollywood and music which shape the cultural zeitgeist,” and added that “by virtue of his talent and experience, Edward is supremely prepared to assume the responsibility of British Vogue.”
The appointment comes three months after Newhouse named another man, Emanuele Farneti, to the helm of Italian Vogue, following the death of Franca Sozzani.

康泰納仕國際集團董事長兼執行長強納森．紐豪斯說，恩寧佛是「形塑時代思潮的時尚界、好萊塢和音樂界一位具有影響力的人物」，「憑他的才華和經驗，艾德華已為承擔英國版Vogue的責任做好了萬全的準備。」
在決定這項任命的三個月前，紐豪斯任命了另一位男士艾曼紐爾．法內提出掌義大利版的Vogue，接替去世的法蘭加．索薩妮。

Enninful was an unexpected choice. Born in Ghana, Enninful was raised by his seamstress mother in the Ladbroke Grove area of London, alongside five siblings. At 16, he became a model for the British magazine i-D after being scouted while traveling on the Tube, London’s subway system. He has called modeling his “baptism into fashion.”
By 17, he was assisting on photography shoots for the publication with the stylists Simon Foxton and Beth Summers. In 1991, at 18, he took over from Summers as i-D fashion editor, making him one of the youngest-ever leaders of a major fashion publication. He also obtained a degree from Goldsmiths, University of London.

恩寧佛是出人意料的人選。他在迦納出生，當裁縫的母親在倫敦蘭僕林區把他和5個兄弟姊妹撫養長大。16歲時，他在搭乘倫敦地鐵時被星探相中，成為英國i-D雜誌的模特兒。他把自己的模特兒經驗稱為「進入時尚界的受洗禮」。
到了17歲，他協助造型師西蒙．佛克斯頓和貝絲．桑默斯為這本刊物拍攝照片。1991年18歲時，他取代桑默斯，成為i-D雜誌時尚編輯，使他成為主要時尚刊物有史以來最年輕的主管之一。他並取得倫敦大學金匠學院的文憑。

Although there are a handful of notable exceptions, the fashion industry has a dearth of black power players, and that had been a source of immense frustration for Enninful, who has made a considerable effort to improve things. He has made headlines with accusations of racism, including after he was assigned to sit in the second row at a couture show in Paris in 2013 when white “counterparts” were in the first.

雖然有少數著名的例外，時尚產業極欠缺有權力的黑人，這一直令恩寧佛極感挫折，而他已相當努力以謀求改進。他曾因指控種族歧視而上了大新聞，包括2013年在巴黎一場高級訂製服的秀上，他被指定坐在第二排，而與他「地位相當」的白人坐在第一排。
Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/312421/web/

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你聽過體制外教育嗎？這十年來教育界先是推行雙語教育，接著自學的需求逐漸被看見，
近年又有非常多實驗教育的學校開始辦學，可以說是變動非常多。今天的《Teacher's Lounge 幕後教師室》
由John老師和阿鍵老師值班，本來只是想要回應一些聽眾留言，沒想到卻聊到了教育這個話題！

感謝Podcast節目《越育》的小孫留言，讓我們可以聊到教育相關的話題，雖然我們聊太多，
包含一大段對TOEIC等考試的想法，只能割捨一部分，下次有機會再讓大家聽囉。

另外本週我們也感謝JGirl, Jade和Ｗilson的支持以及五星，還沒給五星的通勤家族快點去補一下，就缺你的星星了🌟
本週節目分成上下兩集：上集我們介紹了史蒂芬‧柯維 (Stephen R. Covey) 的排行榜不敗經典《高效人士的七個習慣》，
敬請期待下週的《Teacher's Lounge》，我們要來說說怎麼應用這七個習慣來學習喔。

如果今天的內容對你有幫助，歡迎到FB/IG留言或私訊給John老師，也歡迎訂閱我們的VIP會員方案，獲得更多英語學習的資源。
「社會人核心英語」完課榜這裡看：https://www.15mins.today/be-essentials

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In this episode of 15Mins Cafe, Patrick and I talk about the biggest franchise in the world - Subway.
We not only covered their slogans, but also discussed our first impressions of Subway.

If you are frequent customer of Subway, or you also lost weight thanks to Subwaytell us your customized sub recipe and we will give you a shout out!

Hope you will enjoy this episode with us as much as we enjoyed producing it!

更多15Mins Cafe節目: www.15mins.today/15mins-cafe
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安美大望｜買房新哲學 ETF概念宅

．Environment環境造就心境

．Texture質感織就情感

．Fortune財富成就豐富

台茂商圈／五福國小預定地／李天鐸建築／3-4房雙車位

2-4房保值首選：https://fstry.pse.is/5t2fd5

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國際時事跟讀 Ep.K747: The Crucial Role of Flight Attendants in Ensuring Passenger Safety

Highlights 主題摘要：

Flying at a staggering speed of 500 miles per hour may provide a sense of exhilaration, but recent incidents in the aviation world emphasize the critical role of flight attendants in ensuring passenger safety. A collision at Tokyo's Haneda Airport involving a Japan Airlines aircraft ignited an inferno, sparking discussions worldwide. Former flight attendant Mizuki Urano, reflecting on the incident, asserts that the survival of all 379 passengers was not a miracle but a result of meticulous training and the dedication of the cabin crew.
以每小時500英里的驚人速度飛行可能帶來一種振奮感，但最近航空界的事故凸顯了空服員在確保乘客安全方面的關鍵角色。在東京羽田機場一次涉及日本航空的飛機碰撞事故中，一場大火爆發，引起全球的討論。前日本航空公司的空服員Mizuki Urano在回顧事故時表示，379名乘客全部倖存並非奇蹟，而是精心培訓和機艙人員奉獻的結果。

Flight attendants, often perceived as individuals solely responsible for serving food and drinks, are, in reality, primarily focused on passenger safety. The Japan Airlines crash served as a vivid reminder of the potential dangers in aviation. Kris Major, a British flight attendant, commended the JAL crew for their expert execution of training, emphasizing the importance of doing the right thing during emergencies. Cabin crews worldwide hope that such incidents prompt a broader conversation on crew-passenger relations, airline safety briefings, and the challenges of working at 30,000 feet.
空服員通常被當作只負責提供食物和飲料，但實際上，他們主要工作是專注於乘客的安全。這次日本航空的事故鮮明地提出了航空業潛在的危險。英國空服員Kris Major讚揚了日航機組人員對培訓的專業執行，強調在緊急情況下做出正確行動的重要性。全球的機艙人員希望這樣的事件能引發更廣泛的討論，涉及機組人員與乘客的關係、航空公司的安全簡報以及在30,000英尺高空工作的挑戰。

Flight attendants undergo rigorous training to handle a spectrum of situations, from disruptive passengers to unexpected aircraft evacuations. Kris Major underscores the uniqueness of an industry where employees spend significant time discussing how to save lives every morning before a flight. While airplane accidents are rare, extensive preparation for emergencies is standard practice. Major emphasizes the critical stage of take-off and landing when crew members must formulate evacuation plans, praising the quick thinking exhibited by the JAL crew during the recent incident.
空服員接受嚴格的培訓，以應對各種情況，從乘客搗亂到飛機意外的疏散。Kris Major強調這是一個獨特行業，員工每天早上在飛行前花大量時間討論如何拯救生命。雖然飛機事故很少見，但為應對緊急情況進行的廣泛準備是業內標準做法。Major強調了起飛和降落的關鍵階段，機組成員必須制定疏散計劃，並讚揚了JAL機組在最近的事故中展現的迅速思考。

Communication is a vital aspect of cabin crew training, extending beyond the logistics of evacuations to ensuring clear and calm instructions for passengers. Mizuki Urano emphasizes that passengers' perception of cabin crew as safety professionals plays a crucial role in successful evacuations. The significance of leaving belongings behind during emergencies is highlighted in Japan Airlines' safety video, which received widespread acclaim for its effectiveness. Despite varied approaches to safety videos, the consensus among flight attendants is the necessity of conveying messages clearly and concisely to ensure passengers' safety awareness.
溝通是機艙人員培訓的重要方向，不僅涉及疏散的流向，還包括確保向乘客發出明確冷靜的指示。Mizuki Urano強調，乘客將機艙人員視為安全專業人員會對成功疏散起到至關重要的作用。日本航空的安全影片中，強調了在緊急情況下留下行李的重要性，這樣的效果受到廣泛好評。儘管安全影片的內容各有不同，但機艙人員的共識是必須簡單扼要地傳達資訊，以確保乘客的安全意識。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字：

Exhilaration (Ex-hil-a-ra-tion): Flying at a staggering speed of 500 miles per hour may provide a sense of exhilaration.Meticulous (Me-tic-u-lous): Mizuki Urano, reflecting on the incident, asserts that the survival of all 379 passengers was a result of meticulous training.Evacuations (E-vac-u-a-tions): Flight attendants undergo rigorous training to handle a spectrum of situations, from disruptive passengers to unexpected aircraft evacuations.Emphasizes (Em-pha-siz-es): Mizuki Urano emphasizes that passengers' perception of cabin crew as safety professionals plays a crucial role in successful evacuations.Necessity (Ne-ces-si-ty): Despite varied approaches to safety videos, the consensus among flight attendants is the necessity of conveying messages clearly and concisely.

Reference article: https://edition.cnn.com/travel/flight-attendants-safety-demonstration-safety-video/index.html

HP Elite Dragonfly 頂級商務筆電，專業設計，頂尖安全！1kg 輕盈機身搭配13.5吋 3:2 螢幕視野，搭配先進的 AI 降噪功能，不限時空從容應對線上會議，工作更有效率！

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Topic: Collins Dictionary picks ‘NFT’ as word of the year

Collins Dictionary has chosen the term NFT as its word of the year after surging interest in the digital tokens that can sell for millions of dollars brought it into the mainstream.
《柯林斯詞典》於近日選出「NFT」為年度詞彙！該數位貨幣交易動輒高達數百萬美元，各界對它的興趣大增，並成功打入主流市場。

NFT is short for non-fungible token. Collins defines it as “a unique digital certificate, registered in a blockchain, that is used to record ownership of an asset such as an artwork or a collectible.”
NFT是「非同質代幣」的縮寫，《柯林斯詞典》將NFT定義為「一種基於區塊鏈的獨特數位認證，用於記錄藝術品或收藏品等資產的所有權。」

Most people didn’t know what an NFT was until this year, when sales boomed, sparked in large part by artist Beeple’s March auction of a digital collage NFT for nearly US$70 million (approximately NT$2 billion). Experts at Collins said they chose NFT because of its “meteoric rise in usage,” up 11,000 percent this year.
人們原本對NFT很陌生，但自從數位藝術家畢波今年三月以近七千萬美元（近二十億台幣）的天價，售出一件數位拼貼作品後，NFT熱潮隨即興起，人們紛紛將目光投向NFT市場。柯林斯的專家表示，NFT一詞的使用量「迅速竄升」，今年已增長一百一十倍。

“NFTs seem to be everywhere, from the arts sections to the financial pages and in galleries and auction houses and across social media platforms,” said Alex Beecroft, managing director of Collins Learning. But whether NFT will have a lasting influence is yet to be determined, he added.
「柯林斯學習」的總經理比克羅夫特表示︰「NFT似乎無所不在，從藝術領域到金融版面，並且在畫廊、拍賣會還有社交平台都有它的蹤影。」他補充︰「但NFT是否會產生持久的影響，仍有待觀察。」Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2021/12/06/2003769067

Next Article

Topic: Art Museums Are Struggling to Weed Out the Vandals From the Visitors

For Hans-Peter Wipplinger, the director of Vienna’s Leopold Museum, the past few weeks have been challenging. As climate protesters across Europe stepped up their attacks against art, Wipplinger took measures to protect his storied collection, which includes famous paintings by Gustav Klimt and Egon Schiele. Bags were banned; coats, too. The museum hired extra guards to patrol its five floors.
對維也納立奧波德博物館館長維普林格來說，過去幾周充滿挑戰。隨著歐洲各地氣候抗議者加大對藝術品的攻擊力道，維普林格採取措施保護他的著名收藏，包括克林姆和席勒的名畫。禁止包包，外套也是。博物館雇用額外警衛巡視五個樓層。

It didn’t work. Last week, members of a group called Last Generation walked into the museum and threw black liquid at one of Klimt’s major works, “Death and Life.” A protester had sneaked the liquid into the museum in a hot water bottle strapped to his chest, Wipplinger said.
但沒有成功，上周一個名為「最後一代」團體的成員走進博物館，向克林姆主要作品之一《死亡與生命》潑灑黑色液體。維普林格說，一名抗議者將這種液體裝在一個熱水瓶內偷偷帶進博物館。

The Klimt, protected by glass, was unharmed. But Wipplinger said his security team could only have stopped the attack by subjecting visitors to invasive body searches, “like at the airport.” He didn’t want to even consider that prospect, he added.
受玻璃保護的克林姆作品雖毫髮無損，但維普林格說，他的保安團隊恐怕只能對訪客進行侵入式搜身
來阻止攻擊，「就像在機場一樣」。他還表示，他甚至不想考慮這一可能性。

With the attacks showing no sign of abating, museum directors across Europe are settling into a nervous new equilibrium, fearful for the works in their care but unwilling to compromise on making visitors feel welcome. So far, nothing has been permanently damaged. But many fear that an accident or an escalation in the protesters’ tactics could result in a masterpiece being destroyed.
由於攻擊沒有減弱跡象，歐洲各地博物館館長正陷入一種緊張的新平衡狀態，擔心自己照顧的作品受到損害，但又不願在讓訪客感覺賓至如歸的問題上妥協。到目前為止，還沒有任何永久性的損壞，但許多人擔心，若發生意外或抗議者升級策略，恐導致名作被毀。

The actions, which began in Britain in June, are already increasing in frequency and daring. At first, protesters glued themselves to the frames of famous paintings, but since footage of activists splattering Vincent Van Gogh’s “Sunflowers” with tomato soup spread rapidly on social media in October, masterpieces have been doused in pea soup, mashed potatoes and flour.
這些行動於6月在英國開始，如今已日益頻繁，愈來愈大膽。最初，抗議者將自己黏在名畫畫框上，但自從10月活動人士向梵谷《向日葵》潑灑番茄湯影片在社群媒體上迅速傳播以來，名作陸續被潑上豌豆湯、馬鈴薯泥以及麵粉。

Those works were all protected by glass, and the protesters’ projectiles never touched an artist’s brushstroke. Yet, last month, protesters in Paris poured orange paint directly onto a silver Charles Ray sculpture outside the Bourse de Commerce contemporary art space. (A Bourse de Commerce spokesperson said the sculpture was cleaned within a few hours.)
這些作品都有玻璃保護，抗議者的投擲物從未接觸到藝術家的畫作。然而，巴黎的抗議者上月將橘色油漆直接倒在商業交易所當代藝術空間外查爾斯．雷的銀色雕像上。（法國商業交易所一名發言人說，這座雕像在數小時內就被清理乾淨了。）

In a statement last month signed by the leaders of more than 90 of the world’s largest art institutions, museum administrators said they were “deeply shaken” by the protesters’ “risky endangerment” of artworks.
在全球90多間最大藝術機構負責人上月簽署的一份聲明中，這些博物館管理人員表示，抗議者對藝術品的「危險危害」，令他們「深感震驚」。

Yet, few museums appear to have taken bold steps to protect their collections. Norway’s National Museum and the Barberini Museum in Potsdam, Germany, have banned visitors from taking bags or jackets into their exhibition halls. Others have made no changes.
然而，似乎很少博物館採取大膽措施保護館藏。挪威國家博物館及德國波茨坦巴貝里尼博物館禁止遊客攜包包或夾克進入展覽廳，其他博物館則未做出任何改變。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/6828062

Next Article

Topic: Piet Mondrian artwork displayed upside down for 75 years

An artwork by the abstract Dutch painter Piet Mondrian has been hanging upside down in various galleries for 75 years, an art historian has said.
一名藝術史家說，荷蘭抽象畫家皮特‧蒙德里安的一幅作品，75年來在多個不同藝廊都被上下顛倒掛反了。

Despite the recent discovery, the work, entitled New York City I, will continue to be displayed the wrong way up to avoid it being damaged.
不過，儘管這項最近的發現，這幅名為「紐約市1號」的作品，將繼續以上下顛倒的方式展出，以避免畫作被損毀。

It has hung at the art collection of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Düsseldorf since 1980.
這幅作品1980年起一直掛在杜塞道夫的北萊茵—西伐利亞邦藝術品收藏館。

Curator Susanne Meyer-Büser noticed the longstanding error when researching the museum’s new show on the artist earlier this year, but warned it could disintegrate if it was hung the right side up now.
策展人蘇珊娜‧梅爾—布瑟今年稍早研究該館新推出的這名畫家展覽時，發現這個長期以來的錯誤，但她警告，如果現在用正確的方向掛，可能使這幅畫解體。

Next Article

Topic: Manga artist falls for fake Mark Ruffalo, loses $500,000 漫畫家被假的馬克‧魯法洛迷倒，損失50萬美元
The latest work from veteran manga artist Chikae Ide follows her common theme of romance and relationships, but “Poison Love” is quite different than her previous pieces.
（日本）資深漫畫家井出智香惠的最新力作，秉持其一貫的羅曼史與男女關係的主題，但（這部名為）「毒戀」（的漫畫）與其以往的作品大不相同。

First of all, it is based on a true story about a lovestruck woman in an international romance who gets swindled out of 75 million yen ($523,200).
首先，該作品是改編自真實故事，描述一名在跨國戀中被愛情沖昏頭的女子，被人騙走7500萬日幣（52萬3200美元）。

And secondly, the protagonists are Ide herself and a man she believed was Mark Ruffalo, the Hollywood actor who plays the Bruce Banner-Hulk character in the “Avengers” films.
其次，故事主人翁是井出本人，以及與一名她原以為是好萊塢男星馬克‧魯法洛的男子。魯法洛曾在「復仇者聯盟」系列電影中，扮演本名布鲁斯‧班纳的（漫威英雄）浩克。

Ide, 74, says she hopes her latest work, a confession of sorts, will help others avoid being scammed in online international romances.
74歲的井出說，希望她的最新力作或說告白，能協助其他人避免陷入國際網戀騙局。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1555570 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1555996

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Hello hello 通勤家族，
我們常常講勞逸結合，工作生活之間的平衡點很重要，今天的《Teacher's Lounge 幕後教師室》就要來聊聊這件事啦！
本週是由工作量超滿的Patrick老師和John老師值班，要分享我們在平衡生活上的一些重點。

要能做到生活工作的平衡，第一重點就是能量管理啦，另外還有放鬆跟維持熱情等等方面，下面是一些小技巧：

－－管理能量而非時間：上班族的時間都是綁死的，職業家管也是如此，在這種情況下管理個人能量（精神心力放在哪）就很重要啦，
如果僅僅是關注時間用了多長，只會更加痛苦喔。然後我們就可以根據個人的能量消耗，來決定何時進行高能量的工作和何時做雜事或是去放鬆一下。

－－個人興趣也很重要喔，透過興趣來補充熱情是維持能量的好方法，試著享受每一刻，以及讓自己從中獲得滿足感和幸福感吧。

－－自我療癒和充電與恢復能量相關：像是戶外活動、健康飲食、放鬆技巧（如聞香、喝咖啡）等，都是很適合療癒身心和充電的方法。

－－講完了分配能量、減少消耗、回覆能量，最後就是要避免耗盡啦！多注意自己的身心狀態，避免長時間處於高壓，這樣才能走得更長遠喔！

上面提到的小技巧大家可以作為心法放在日常生活實踐，記得留有一點餘力來進行回覆能量的活動喔，不然真的耗盡的時候可能只會什麼都不想做，就很痛苦啦！如果今天的內容對你有幫助，歡迎到FB/IG留言或私訊給John老師，也歡迎訂閱我們的A. 國際時事跟讀VIP方案或是學習大補帖VIP方案，獲得更多英語學習的資源。

「社會人核心英語」完課榜這裡看：https://www.15mins.today/be-essentials

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This week we have Klim in the house! Klim is going to share with us some interesting facts about White Day, the Japanese cultural Valentine's Day that has a very different definition of "reciprocating".

If you practice celebrating White Day, drop us a comment below and we will give you a shout out! You should check out the list of things that are appropriate as "reciprocating" gifts on White Day so you can stay clear of the DON'Ts!

Hope you will enjoy this episode with us as much as we enjoyed producing it!

更多15Mins Cafe節目: www.15mins.today/15mins-cafe
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國際時事跟讀 Ep.K743: Financial Independence Strategies: Tips from Early Retirement Advocates

Highlights 主題摘要：

Achieving financial independence and early retirement may seem like an unattainable dream for many, but advocates of the FIRE (Financial Independence, Retire Early) movement are proving it's possible. This movement is centered around managing money efficiently to attain financial freedom sooner rather than later. At a CNBC Financial Advisor Summit, two experts, Grant Sabatier and Alex Trias, shared their insights on saving more, reducing living costs, and increasing income to reach early retirement goals.
對許多人來說，實現財務獨立和提前退休似乎是一個遙不可及的夢想，但財務獨立、提前退休（FIRE, Financial Independence, Retire Early）運動的倡導者正在證明這是可能的。這個運動的核心理念是通過有效管理金錢，早日實現財務自由。在CNBC的金融顧問會議上，兩位專家Grant Sabatier和Alex Trias分享了他們對提高儲蓄、降低生活成本和增加收入，以實現提期退休目標的見解。

Boosting your savings rate is a fundamental principle of the FIRE movement. While the average savings rate in the U.S. is around 2% to 5%, Sabatier emphasizes that saving about 50% of your income can lead to financial independence in 10 years or less. He shares his personal experience of saving up to 82% of his income between 2010 and 2015, allowing his investments to compound and grow substantially. Sabatier suggests that a higher savings rate is key to securing a comfortable early retirement.
提高儲蓄率是FIRE運動的基本原則。雖然美國的平均儲蓄率約為2%至5%，但Sabatier強調，儲蓄約50%的收入可以在10年或更短時間內實現財務獨立。他分享了自己在2010年至2015年期間儲蓄高達82%的個人經驗，這使他的投資得以複利大幅增長。Sabatier表示，提高儲蓄率是實現提前舒適退休的關鍵。

Reducing the cost of living is another crucial aspect. Sabatier and Trias both made sacrifices to achieve a high savings rate. Sabatier moved to a more affordable apartment and opted for a used car, living frugally in his mid-20s. Trias took it a step further by relocating to Portugal, significantly cutting his living expenses. Lower property taxes and reduced healthcare costs abroad contributed to his financial success.
降低生活成本是另一個至關重要的方面。Sabatier和Trias為實現高儲蓄率都做出了一些犧牲。Sabatier搬到了更實惠的公寓，並選擇了一輛二手車，在二十多歲的時候過著節儉的生活。Trias更進一步，搬到了葡萄牙，大幅削減了生活開支。國外較低的房產稅和醫療保健成本為他的財務成功做出了貢獻。

Increasing your income is the third pillar of the FIRE strategy. Sabatier highlights that while he initially needed $23,000 per year to live on, earning more than $250,000 per year accelerated his savings. Side hustles, online businesses, and various income streams helped both experts achieve their financial goals. They acknowledge that the FIRE lifestyle requires sacrifices and risks, emphasizing the importance of evaluating whether the trade-offs are worth the pursuit of early retirement.
增加收入是FIRE策略的第三支柱。Sabatier強調，儘管他最初每年需要23,000美元來維持生活，但每年超過25萬美元的收入加速了他的儲蓄。副業、線上業務和各種收入來源幫助兩位專家實現了他們的財務目標。他們承認FIRE生活方式需要做出犧牲並承擔風險，強調評估這些取捨是值不值得追求早期退休的重點。

In conclusion, the FIRE movement offers valuable lessons from those who have successfully achieved financial independence and early retirement. By implementing strategies such as boosting savings, reducing living costs, and increasing income, individuals can take steps toward their own financial freedom.
總之，FIRE運動為那些成功實現財務獨立和提前退休的人提供了寶貴的經驗。通過實施提高儲蓄比、降低生活成本和增加收入等策略，可以邁向個人的財務自由之路。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字：

Unattainable (Un-a-ttain-a-ble): Achieving financial independence and early retirement may seem like an unattainable dream for many.Substantially (Sub-stan-tial-ly): Sabatier shares his personal experience of saving up to 82% of his income between 2010 and 2015, allowing his investments to compound and grow substantially.Sacrifices (Sa-cri-fi-ces): Sabatier and Trias both made sacrifices to achieve a high savings rate.Individuals (In-di-vi-du-als): By implementing strategies such as boosting savings, reducing living costs, and increasing income, individuals can take steps toward their own financial freedom.Implementing (Im-ple-men-ting): In conclusion, the FIRE movement offers valuable lessons from those who have successfully achieved financial independence and early retirement by implementing strategies.

Reference article:
1. https://www.cnbc.com/2023/06/15/fire-experts-on-retiring-early-becoming-financially-independent.html
2. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/retirement-savings-millennials-coast-fire-140054192.html

HP Elite Dragonfly 頂級商務筆電，專業設計，頂尖安全！1kg 輕盈機身搭配13.5吋 3:2 螢幕視野，搭配先進的 AI 降噪功能，不限時空從容應對線上會議，工作更有效率！

https://fstry.pse.is/5uf3gt

—— 以上為播客煮與 Firstory Podcast 廣告 ——

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Autobahn Speed Limits? Voting With Lead Feet

It seemed like a no-brainer: Lower Germany’s embarrassingly high carbon emissions at no cost, and save some lives in the process.
這聽起來是個不費腦筋的好主意：不須付出成本，便減低德國高得使人羞愧的碳排放量，還可以順道拯救人命。

But when a government-appointed commission in January dared to float the idea of a speed limit on the autobahn, the country’s storied highway network, it almost caused rioting.
Irate drivers took to the airwaves. Union leaders menacingly put on their yellow vests, hinting at street protests. And the far-right opposition used the opportunity to rage against the “stranglehold” of the state.
然而，當政府指派的委員會元月大膽提出在德國名聞全球的高速公路上設速限的構想時，卻幾乎引發暴動。
暴怒的開車族在廣播裡抱怨，工會領袖意帶威脅地穿上黃背心，暗示將上街抗議。極右派反對黨趁機對國家的「箝制」大事撻伐。

A highway speed limit was “contrary to every common sense,” the transport minister, Andreas Scheuer, swiftly declared, contradicting his own experts.And that was that.
德國運輸部長安德烈・舒爾很快就宣布，給高速公路設速限「完全違反常情」，立場和自己的專家團隊相牴觸。此事就此打消。

As far as quasi-religious national obsessions go for large portions of a country’s population, the German aversion to speed limits on the autobahn is up there with gun control in America, whaling in Japan and sovereignty in Britain.
就一國高比例人口近乎宗教信仰式的執念而言，德國人對高速公路限速的反感之深，一如美國人對於槍枝管制，日本人對於捕鯨，和英國人對於主權。

With few exceptions, like Afghanistan and the Isle of Man, there are highway speed limits essentially everywhere else in the world.
世界上除了阿富汗和英國曼島等極少數例外，其他地方的公路基本上都有速限。

But this is Germany, the self-declared “auto nation,” where Carl Benz built the first automobile and where cars are not only the proudest export item but also a symbol of national identity.
但這可是自詡為「汽車王國」的德國，卡爾·賓士在這裡造出第一輛汽車，汽車不僅是令人驕傲的出口品，還是國家身分的象徵。

It’s also the country where, in darker times, Hitler laid the groundwork for a network of multilane highways that in the postwar years came to epitomize economic success — and freedom.
同樣的這個國家，在它較黯淡的時代，希特勒打下多車道高速公路系統的基礎，而這系統在戰後年月裡成為經濟成就和自由的典範。

Call it Germany’s Wild West: The autobahn is the one place in a highly regulated society where no rule is the rule — and that place is sacred.
把它想成德國的「大西部」吧：在一個受到高度規制的社會裡，高速公路是唯一沒有規矩就是它的規矩的地方，而此處神聖不可侵犯。

“It’s a very emotional topic,” confided Stefan Gerwens, head of transport and mobility at ADAC, an automobile club with 20 million members, which is opposed to any speed limit.
So emotional, apparently, that facts and figures count for little.
「這是個高度情緒化的議題。」全德汽車俱樂部的運輸流動主任史帝芬・葛文如此坦承。全德汽車俱樂部是有兩千萬會員的汽車社團，他們徹底反對給高速公路設下速限。這個議題顯然太具情緒性，以致事實和數據都變得無關痛癢。

Germany is woefully behind on meeting its 2020 climate goals, so the government appointed a group of experts to find ways to lower emissions in the transport sector. Cars account for 11 percent of total emissions, and their share is rising.
德國距離達成2020年的氣候目標已大幅落後，因此政府指派了專家團隊以找出減低運輸方面碳排放的方法。車輛的碳排放量佔去總排放量的一成一，而且比例還在增高。

A highway speed limit of 120 kph, or 75 mph, could cover a fifth of the gap to reach the 2020 goals for the transport sector, environmental experts say.
環境專家說，給高速公路設置時速120公里（或75英里）的速限，可以在交通方面填補五分之一的缺口，協助達成2020年的氣候目標。

“Of all the individual measures, it is the one that would be the most impactful — and it costs nothing,” said Dorothee Saar, of Deutsche Umwelthilfe, a nonprofit environmental organization that has lobbied for a speed limit.
「在所有個人可以達成的事項裡，這是最具影響力，也不須花費成本的方法。」非營利環保組織「德國環境救援」的朵樂絲・薩爾說，此組織長年力促給高速公度限速。

“But when it comes to cars,” Saar sighed, “the debate tends to become irrational.”
「可是一談到車，」薩爾嘆息道：「辯論往往就變得不理性了。」
Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/337656/web/

About cars - Man in Germany drives to driving test

A man in Germany has discovered the hard way that it’s best to get a driving license first before trying to use it.
德國一名男子從教訓中學到：在試圖使用駕駛執照之前，最好先拿到它。

Police in Bergheim, near Cologne, said Tuesday that the 37-year-old drove himself to his driving test, parking an Opel Zafira outside the test center in front of an astonished examiner.
科隆附近的貝格海姆警方週二說，這名37歲民眾自己開車赴駕駛執照考試，在一名驚訝的監考官面前，把一台歐寶Zafira車款停在考試中心外。

They said he told police officers who were called to the scene on Monday that he had only driven because he wanted to make sure to get to the driving test on time.
他們說，他告訴週一被叫到現場的警官們說，他開車只是因為想要確保及時抵達那場駕駛執照考試。

His test was immediately called off. The man now faces an investigation for driving without a license. Police also opened an investigation of the car’s owner.
他的考試立刻被取消。這名男子現在因無照駕駛面臨調查。警方也對車主展開調查。

Next Article

Danish police confiscate luxury sports car caught speeding 丹麥警方沒收超速的豪華跑車

Danish police have confiscated a high-performance luxury car after its new owner was caught speeding as he drove it home from Germany to Norway.
丹麥警方沒收了一輛高性能的豪華汽車，在它的新車主超速被逮以後，當時他開著它從德國回挪威家。

The man, an Iraqi citizen resident in Norway who was not identified, was registered Thursday as driving at 236 kph in his Lamborghini Huracán on a stretch of highway where the top speed is 130 kph.
這名男子是個居住於挪威的伊拉克公民，身分未明，週四在一段最高時速130公里的高速公路上，被紀錄到以每小時236公里速度駕著他的藍寶堅尼「颶風」。

Under a new Danish law, police can seize the vehicles of reckless drivers and auction them off, with the money going into Danish coffers.
根據丹麥一項新的法律，警察可沒收魯莽駕駛人的車輛並拍賣它們，錢則進丹麥國庫。

The Nordjyske newspaper said the man had bought the car hours earlier in Germany for 2 million kroner.
《北日德蘭報》說，這名男子幾個小時前在德國以200萬克朗購入這輛車。

The car owner will also be fined for speeding in due course.
車主當理也將因超速被罰。 Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1486857 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1478842

Truck Makers Face Choice: Go Battery or Hydrogen？

Even before war in Ukraine sent fuel prices through the roof, the trucking industry was under intense pressure to kick its addiction to diesel, a major contributor to climate change and urban air pollution. But it still has to figure out which technology will best do the job.
在烏克蘭戰爭導致燃料價格飆漲之前，卡車運輸業就面臨擺脫柴油成癮的巨大壓力，但它仍須弄清楚哪種技術最能勝任此事。柴油是氣候變遷與城市空汙的主要原因。

Truck makers are divided into two camps. One faction, which includes Traton, Volkswagen’s truck unit, is betting on batteries because they are widely regarded as the most efficient option. The other camp, which includes Daimler Truck and Volvo, the two largest truck manufacturers, argues that fuel cells
that convert hydrogen into electricity — emitting only water vapor — make more sense because they would allow long-haul trucks to be refueled quickly.
卡車製造商分為兩個陣營，包括福斯卡車部門Traton在內的一派看好電池，因電池被廣泛認為是最有效率的選項。另一個陣營則包括戴姆勒卡車和富豪這兩家最大的卡車製造公司，他們認為將氫轉化為電能僅排放水蒸氣的燃料電池更有意義，因為它們可讓長途卡車快速充電。

The choice companies make could be hugely consequential, helping to determine who dominates trucking in the electric vehicle age and who ends up wasting billions of dollars on the Betamax equivalent of electric truck technology, committing a potentially fatal error. It takes years to design and produce new trucks, so companies will be locked into the decisions they make now for a decade or more.
這些公司做出的選擇可能會帶來重大影響，並且有助於確認在電動車時代，誰將主宰卡車運輸業以及誰最終會在電動卡車版的Betamax技術浪費數十億美元，犯下潛在致命錯誤。設計和生產新的卡車需耗時數年，因此企業在未來10年或更長時間裡，將受制於現在做出的決定。

“It’s obviously one of the most important technology decisions we have to make,” said Andreas Gorbach, a member of the management board of Daimler Truck, which owns Freightliner in the United States and is the largest truck maker in the world.
全球卡車製造龍頭戴姆勒卡車的管理層成員哥爾巴赫說：「這顯然是我們必須做出的最重要技術決策之一。」該公司在美國擁有福萊納卡車品牌。

The stakes for the environment and for public health are also high. If many truck makers wager incorrectly, it could take much longer to clean up trucking than scientists say we have to limit the worst effects of climate change. In the United States, medium- and heavy-duty trucks account for 7% of greenhouse gas emissions.
環境和公眾健康面臨的風險也很高。若許多卡車製造商押錯寶，清理卡車運輸業所需的時間，恐比科學家所說人類必須限制氣候變遷最壞影響的時限還要長。在美國，中型與重型卡車占溫室氣體排放量的7%。

Although sales of electric cars are exploding, large truck makers have only begun to mass-produce emission-free vehicles. Daimler Truck, for example, began producing an electric version of its heavy-duty Actros truck, with a maximum range of 240 miles, late last year. Tesla unveiled a design for a battery-powered semitruck in 2017 but has not set a firm production date.
儘管電動車銷量爆炸性成長，但大型卡車製造商才剛開始大規模生產零碳排車輛，例如戴姆勒卡車公司去年底開始生產重型卡車Actros的電動版本，最大行駛里程達240英里。特斯拉在2017年發布一款電池動力的卡車Semi，但具體生產日期未定。

Cost will be a decisive factor. Unlike car buyers, who might splurge on a vehicle because they like the way it looks or the status it conveys, truck buyers carefully calculate how much a rig is going to cost them to buy, maintain and refuel.
價格將會是一項決定性因素。卡車買家會仔細計算整套配備的價格、維護及補充燃料費用，不像汽車買家，可能會因為喜歡車的外觀或者能夠顯示他們的地位而揮霍。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/6260402

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本週的《Teacher's Lounge 幕後教師室》由Angel老師和John老師值班！再度帶來了英語口說的小技巧！

大家知道我們國際時事跟讀的單元，每集都會請通勤家族的大家一起讀，也會把比較難的詞彙特別拉出來，其實就是讓你可以跟著練習喔！

跟著讀除了可以掌握重音、速度和音節外，更重要的是養成肌肉記憶，這讓你在把一個一個的字拼湊成整句話的時候可是很關鍵的技巧。還沒試過跟著讀的聽眾朋友，我們在這集裡有提到建議進行"reading out loud"，他有以下的多項好處：
1. 養成口腔肌肉記憶，加強發音準確性
2. 提升口語表達流暢度
3. 掌握韻律感和節奏

其實中英文的發音方式真的差異很大，除了口腔內部的動作外，呼吸和運氣的方法也很不一樣喔，如果對於今天提到的學習技巧有興趣，歡迎到FB/IG留言或私訊給John老師。想要多練習的人，也歡迎訂閱我們的跟讀VIP會員或是學習大禮包方案。

「社會人核心英語」完課榜這裡看：https://www.15mins.today/be-essentials

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Reference article: https://www.qantas.com/travelinsider/en/travel-tips/how-to-survive-a-long-flight.html

This week Angel is back in town! A globe-trotter like Angel must know a thing or two about long-haul flights.
I grew up having to travel long-haul flights, but no one taught me how to survive it. We all love traveling in this post-pandemic era, but long flights are still a pain. Angel and I discuss how to survive long-haul flights and also some tips for making a good impression with the cabin crew. How do you survive your flights? Write to us and we will give you a shout out in the next episode!
Hope you will enjoy this episode with us as much as we enjoyed producing it!

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國際時事跟讀 Ep.K739: Bullfighting Advocates in Mexico Strive to Educate and Attract New Followers

Highlights 主題摘要：

Bullfighting, a centuries-old tradition in Mexico, faces challenges from global animal rights activists who label it as bull torture. In response, the Mexican Association of Bullfighting has initiated educational workshops to attract new followers, especially among the younger generation. In a recent session led by rancher José Arturo Jiménez, around 40 university students learned about the various aspects of breeding and caring for fighting bulls. The association aims to counter the negative perception of bullfighting and ensure its survival amidst legal battles and growing opposition.

鬥牛是墨西哥幾個世紀以來的傳統，卻面臨全球動物權利運動的挑戰，他們將其視為對牛的虐待。為應對這個挑戰，墨西哥鬥牛協會發起了教育工作坊，以吸引新的追隨者，特別是年輕的一代。在最近一次由農場主José Arturo Jiménez主持的工作坊中，約有40名大學生了解了養殖和照顧鬥牛的各個方面。協會希望能消除人們對鬥牛的負面看法，確保鬥牛在法律訴訟和增長的反對聲浪下得以生存。

Despite being allowed in most of Mexico, bullfighting is suspended in certain states, and a legal battle in Mexico City puts the future of the world's largest bullfighting arena, Plaza Mexico, at risk. Recognizing that the current audience is not predominantly young, Jiménez and the association have organized over a hundred events and workshops across Mexico to educate and engage the youth. Jiménez emphasizes the importance of providing information to allow people to make informed decisions about the tradition, acknowledging that awareness is key to fostering understanding.

儘管墨西哥大多數地區都允許鬥牛，但某些州卻是暫停的，而在墨西哥城的一場官司使世界上最大的鬥牛場Plaza Mexico的未來岌岌可危。Jiménez和協會意識到目前的主要觀眾並非年輕人，因此他們在墨西哥各地組織了一百多場活動和工作坊，以教育和吸引年輕人。Jiménez強調提供信息的重要性，以使人們能夠對這項傳統做出明智的決定，並認為提高人們的認知是促進理解的關鍵。

The workshops focus on different aspects of breeding fighting bulls, highlighting the meticulous care and studies conducted to understand the animals' fighting spirit. Participants, like environmental engineering student Estefanía Manrique, express how their perceptions changed after gaining insights into the rituals surrounding bullfighting. Manrique, who initially viewed it as abuse, now appreciates the artistry and strategy involved in the practice. Despite facing criticism from her peers, she stands by her passion for bullfighting.

這些工作坊聚焦於養殖鬥牛的不同方面，強調為了理解動物的鬥爭心而進行的細心照料和研究。參與者，如環境工程專業的Estefanía Manrique，表達了在深入瞭解鬥牛儀式後，他們的看法如何改變。Manrique一開始將鬥牛視為虐待行為，但現在他欣賞其中蘊含的藝術和策略。儘管受到同儕的批評，他仍堅持自己對鬥牛的熱情。

José Arturo Jiménez is optimistic that these educational efforts will attract new aficionados, ensuring the continuation of the tradition beyond the entertainment aspect. He envisions a future where people connect with the land, engage in responsible animal care, and appreciate the cycle of life, acknowledging the necessity of animal consumption while respecting and caring for them.

José Arturo Jiménez樂觀地認為，這些教育工作將吸引新的愛好者，確保傳統在娛樂以外的方面得以延續。在他設想中，未來人們將與土地建立聯繫，以負責任的態度照顧動物，並尊重生命的循環，在尊重和愛護動物的同時，認知珍惜動物消費的必要。

In a contrasting development, bullfights resumed in Mexico City's Plaza México after a year and a half of suspension, sparking protests from animal rights activists. Despite the legal battles and opposition, the vibrant atmosphere inside the arena reflects the ongoing struggle between tradition and evolving values. The resumption of bullfighting in the face of protests highlights the complexities surrounding cultural practices and ethical considerations in contemporary society.

與此相反的是，在經過一年半的暫停後，鬥牛在墨西哥城的Plaza México恢復，引起了動物權利保護人士的抗議。儘管仍面對法律糾紛和反對聲浪，鬥牛場內的熱鬧氣氛反映了傳統與不斷演變的價值觀間的持續鬥爭。而在抗議聲中恢復鬥牛，則凸顯了當前社會下，傳統文化和道德考量的複雜性。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字：

Predominantly (pre-do-mi-nant-ly): Recognizing that the current audience is not predominantly young.Meticulous (me-tic-u-lous): The workshops focus on different aspects of breeding fighting bulls, highlighting the meticulous care and studies conducted.Aficionados (a-fi-cio-na-dos): José Arturo Jiménez is optimistic that these educational efforts will attract new aficionados.Continuation (con-tin-u-a-tion): He envisions a future where people connect with the land, engage in responsible animal care, and ensure the continuation of the tradition.Contemporary (con-tem-po-rar-y): The resumption of bullfighting in the face of protests highlights the complexities surrounding cultural practices and ethical considerations in contemporary society.

Reference article:
1. https://apnews.com/article/mexico-bullfighting-animal-rights-legal-battle-plaza-1ebfb668141a22b0b7b1282e70ed921d
2. https://apnews.com/article/mexico-bullfighting-young-people-workshops-1e2ba4342b531b468e35493018b2d6a3

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About Japan - Asia Welcomes Travelers, but Japan Says, Not Yet

In a normal year, this would be peak season for tourism to Japan. But as the cherry blossoms burst into bloom along Kyoto’s ancient, temple-lined alleys and boat tours ply the waters of Tokyo’s flower-lined rivers, Japanese tourists largely have the spectacular display to themselves.
在正常情況的年份，此時正是日本旅遊旺季。但隨著櫻花盛開於古剎林立的京都巷弄，以及遊覽船往返花卉夾道的東京河川的水域，這些盛況大抵上僅限日本的遊客獨享。

The country sealed its borders to most foreign travelers early in the pandemic and has only recently begun to allow a slow drip of students and business people to return.
該國在武漢肺炎疫情大流行之初就對大多數外國旅客封鎖邊境，直到最近才允許留學生與商務客慢慢回流。

Those hoping to visit Japan for fun, shouldn’t hold their breath. Despite the national tourism organization’s wishful thinking, Koichi Wada, the head of Japan’s tourism agency, told parliament last month that“it’s exceedingly difficult to forecast the long-term trends for inbound tourism.”
那些希望能赴日觀光旅遊的人可有得等了。儘管日本國家旅遊局想得很美，日本觀光廳長官和田浩一上個月告訴國會，「很難預測入境觀光的長期趨勢。」

Next Article

Topic: Vietnam plans border reopening, includes Taiwanese among list of potential travelers

越南因應疫情暫停國際觀光客到訪已逾一年半，慶和省近日研擬重新恢復國際旅遊，並將台灣旅客視為潛在目標族群。越南知名渡假景點芽莊市就位於慶和省。
Taiwan is on the list of potential countries allowed to send travelers to Vietnam as the nation’s Khanh Hoa Province (慶和省) recently released plans to reopen borders for international travelers.

網路媒體越南快訊（VnExpress）引述越南政府網報導，慶和省（Khanh Hoa）政府昨天向越南文化體育旅遊部遞交兩階段的疫苗護照計畫草案，歡迎外國旅客搭乘包機前來旅遊。
According to VnExpress, Khanh Hoa’s local government submitted a draft of a two-stage vaccine passport program to the Vietnamese Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (越南文化體育旅遊部) on Oct. 5 hoping to welcome foreign travelers into the region.

第一階段從11月起至年底，外國旅客須搭乘包機抵達，並待在金蘭市（Cam Ranh）的渡假村裡。第二階段則是明年初至明年3月，屆時旅客將能造訪更多景點與芽莊市的渡假村。
The first stage is scheduled to begin near the end of November, and travelers need to take charter flights to the country and stay at the resort at Cam Ranh (金蘭市), the proposal stated.
The second stage is planned to start from January to March 2022, during which visitors will be able to visit more attractions and resorts in Nha Trang (芽莊市).

慶和省將鎖定來自COVID-19（2019冠狀病毒疾病）疫情防範得宜且疫苗施打率高的國家與地區的旅客，例如中國、日本、韓國、台灣、俄羅斯、澳洲、法國、德國以及部分北美國家。
Khanh Hoa Province currently welcomes travelers from countries whose COVID-19 situation has been successfully controlled and have a high vaccination rate for its population.
As of Tuesday, countries that fit both categories according to the local government include China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Russia, Australia, France, Germany, and some areas in North America.

旅客必須要持有完整的疫苗接種證書，且所施打的疫苗廠牌必須獲越南核可。
Travelers need to show vaccination proof and the vaccine manufacturers need to be recognized by the Vietnamese government.

目前越南共計核准8款疫苗緊急使用，包括阿斯特捷利康（AstraZeneca，AZ）、嬌生（Johnson & Johnson）、莫德納（Moderna）、輝瑞BNT（Pfizer-BioNTech）、俄羅斯衛星-V（Sputnik V）、中國國藥（Sinopharm）、Hayat-Vax、阿布達拉（Abdala）。
As of press time, Vietnam has authorized 8 types of vaccines, including AstraZeneca (AZ), Johnson & Johnson, Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech, Sputnik V, Sinopharm, Hayat-Vax and Abdala. Source article: https://chinapost.nownews.com/20211008-2813742

Next Article

Topic: Airlines targeting post-pandemic ‘revenge travel’

The blow caused to the airline industry by the COVID-19 pandemic has been especially felt by budget airlines, which mostly operate narrow-bodied passenger jets and have therefore been unable to develop a sideline in air freight during the pandemic. According to one academic’s analysis, when the outbreak stabilizes, businesses are targeting a trend in so-called “revenge travel.” However, she also hopes that, rather than the pre-pandemic price wars between budget airlines, the consolidation that has taken place during the pandemic will restore healthy competition in the industry.

疫情衝擊航空界，其中廉航受限於機隊多為窄體客機，無法發展貨運，受疫情衝擊更大。學者分析，業者瞄準疫情穩定後的「報復性出遊」，但也希望疫情前廉航削價競爭的情況，能因疫情重整，回歸良性競爭。

According to associate professor Melody Dai of National Cheng Kung University’s Department of Transportation and Communication Management Science, costs per flight have not changed during the pandemic, but if carriers are required to implement social-distancing seating plans, leaving empty seats between passengers, this would eat into airlines’ profit margins, causing a fresh headache for the industry. Dai says she hopes that budget airlines will manage to survive, since they help stimulate Taiwan’s domestic tourism sector as well as the wider economy.

成大交通管理學系副教授戴佐敏說，每航班成本不變、但座位未來若須採間隔座導致收入減少，確實是疫後的難題，希望廉航仍有生存空間，對促進觀光與經濟有正面幫助。

Dai says that choosing to operate flights during the pandemic is a test of airlines’ ability to sustain losses, but the crisis may also prove to be a turnaround for the industry. Dai says there are many variables to the pandemic. She says that once the outbreak stabilizes, if the demand for “revenge travel” exceeds supply, this could resolve the pre-pandemic situation of supply exceeding demand, which led to price wars among budget airlines. The consolidation that the pandemic has triggered within the airline industry could bring about a return to healthy competition, says Dai.

戴佐敏認為，選擇在疫情期間開航，考驗航空公司「虧本」的能力，不過危機也有可能是轉機，疫情仍有變數，疫情穩定後的「報復性出遊」若需求大於供給，疫情前廉航供過於求、削價競爭的情況，這次可能因疫情重整，回歸良性競爭。

One industry insider stated that, despite the lockdowns and reduced number of travelers and flights during the pandemic, the industry is bullish about post-pandemic prospects for both freight and passenger travel in the flourishing Asian region. The insider added that a trend in “revenge travel” could cause short-haul routes to become particularly busy.

業者指出，雖然國境仍然封鎖，疫情期間每週班次不多，旅客也非常少，但看好疫情後亞洲旺盛的物流、人流，預估疫情趨緩後將出現「報復性出遊」，亞洲短程航線將會更繁忙。Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2021/09/12/2003764205

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最近天氣詭譎多變，各位通勤家族聽眾朋友們多多保重，小心別像John老師一樣感冒啦！
本週的《Teacher's Lounge 幕後教師室》首先要恭喜社會人核心英語一二月份完課的五位朋友！

接著John老師和阿鍵老師聊到了最近收到的消息，問我們學習的材料這麼多種，不確定要怎麼開始。
如果之前一直有聽節目的忠實聽眾，應該知道我們很愛用健身來比喻學習，不過本週吃貨朋友有福啦！我們要拿自助餐Buffet來比喻。
碰到不確定從什麼部分開始學習的人可以想想，如果你去吃到飽的自助餐，你是屬於吃不多但專挑喜歡的食物的人，
或者是你是什麼都想吃一點試試味道的人；而你的胃就像是你能控制的學習時間。

若你吃不多，但求精緻的Fine Dining。那麼你注重的是 Quality over quantity ，在選擇學習題材上就主要挑你喜歡的主題做深入學習即可。
而要是你什麼都想試試看味道，那你要確保自己是個大胃王才能塞得下囉。

換成學習來說就是你要有足夠的時間，而在學習的方式上也比較傾向 skimming & scanning & browse 的廣聽廣讀廣看。
今天這集的時間有限，如果對於以上提到的學習技巧有興趣，歡迎到FB/IG留言或私訊給John老師，我們可以在未來找機會安排解說喔！

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Reference article: https://www.elle.com/tw/life/hot-news/g46048153/2023-google-trend/

This week we look at the top Google searches of 2023 around the world and Taiwan! Lydia and Cariya join us on this episode of 15Mins Cafe to discuss the trending topics of 2023.

This episode was recorded before Cariya went on leave, and we wish her all the best! For more digital market and internet related topics, please send in your member's requests and we will work on it for you! Want a shout out? Send us your shares and comments using the comment link and we'll give you a shout out in the next episode.

Hope you will enjoy this episode with us as much as we enjoyed producing it!

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國際時事跟讀 Ep.K735: Berlin's No-Selfie Culture: Embracing Privacy and Liberation

Highlights 主題摘要：

In Berlin, a city where values of privacy, living in the moment, and counterculture thrive, the act of taking a selfie can be perceived as awkward. Despite the global selfie trend, Berliners tend to shy away from capturing moments with their phone cameras, considering it somewhat self-indulgent. This cultural nuance is deeply rooted in the city's history and its vibrant club scene, creating a unique atmosphere where people cherish the freedom to live in the moment without the need for constant digital documentation.
在柏林這座注重隱私、現場感和反主流文化價值的城市，自拍被視為一種尷尬的行為。儘管全球自拍風潮盛行，柏林人傾向於避免用手機拍攝紀錄，認為這有點自我沉迷。這種文化細微差異深植於城市的歷史和充滿活力的夜店文化，營造出一種獨特的氛圍，讓人們珍惜在當下生活的自由，無需不斷進行數位紀錄。

Berlin's privacy-oriented mindset is not a recent phenomenon. A 2017 study from the University of Hohenheim highlighted that Germans, in general, hold a high regard for personal privacy, disclosing personal information sparingly. This attitude extends to sharing photos on social networks, with only a small percentage finding it useful to do so, particularly among the younger demographic. The former East Germany's experience with state surveillance during the division may contribute to the heightened privacy concerns in the region.
在柏林，這種注重隱私的心態並非最近才出現。2017年一份來自霍恩海姆大學的研究強調，德國人普遍高度重視個人隱私，謹慎披露個人信息。這種態度延伸到在社群網路上分享照片，只有少數人認為這樣做是“有用”的，特別是在年輕人中。前東德在分裂期間對國家監視的經歷可能加劇了該地區對隱私的加重考量。

The city's renowned club scene, epitomized by establishments like Berghain, ://about blank, and Sisyphos, plays a significant role in shaping Berlin's "no-selfie" culture. These clubs discourage photography to maintain an air of secrecy and encourage patrons to revel in the moment, fostering an environment where counterculture movements, including LGBTQI+ communities and sex-positive groups, can thrive without judgment or external repercussions. This attitude extends beyond clubs, as other spaces in Berlin, such as the Badeschiff pool and post-war memorials, also prohibit or discourage photography for the sake of preserving the moment and respecting the space.
柏林著名的夜店文化，以Berghain、://about blank和Sisyphos等場所為代表，在形成柏林的“對自拍說不”文化中扮演了關鍵角色。這些夜店禁止攝影，以保持神秘感，鼓勵顧客沉浸在當下，培養了一種使非主流文化運動：包括LGBTQI+社群和性積極主義團體，能夠在不被評論和外部影響下成長茁壯的環境。這種態度不僅局限於夜店，柏林的其他空間，如Badeschiff游泳池和戰後紀念碑，也為了保留當下和尊重空間而禁止或反對攝影。

As globalization advances and influences seep into Berlin, there is speculation about the potential erosion of the city's distinct values. Privacy concerns within Germany are gradually aligning with global trends, and professionals, such as social influencers, feel the pressure to have an active online presence. However, many Berliners still find taking selfies in public awkward, and the city's unique blend of privacy and liberation remains a defining characteristic. Whether the increasing global influence will impact Berlin's aversion to selfies remains uncertain, but for now, the city continues to embrace its liberating attitude, allowing residents and visitors to enjoy moments without the pressure of constant digital documentation.
隨著全球化的推展和影響滲入柏林，人們猜測該城市的獨特價值觀可能會受到侵蝕。德國的隱私考量逐漸與全球趨勢一致，專業人士，如社群媒體網紅，有在線上活躍（固定）曝光的壓力。然而，許多柏林人仍然覺得在公共場合自拍很尷尬，城市獨特的隱私性和解放性的融合仍然是其鮮明特徵。全球影響力的不斷擴大是否會影響柏林對自拍的反感，這點尚未明確，但目前看來，這座城市仍傾向繼續擁抱自由的態度，讓居民和訪客能享受當下美好時光，沒有需要不斷進行數位紀錄的壓力。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字：

Counterculture (coun-ter-cul-ture): In Berlin, a city where values of privacy, living in the moment, and counterculture thrive, the act of taking a selfie can be perceived as awkward.Epitomized (e-pi-to-mized): The city's renowned club scene, epitomized by establishments like Berghain, plays a significant role in shaping Berlin's "no-selfie" culture.Repercussions (re-per-cus-sions): Clubs discourage photography to avoid repercussions, fostering an environment for counterculture movements to thrive without judgment.Globalization (glo-bal-i-za-tion): As globalization advances and influences seep into Berlin, there is speculation about the potential erosion of the city's distinct values.Characteristic (cha-rac-ter-is-tic): Many Berliners still find taking selfies in public awkward, and the city's unique blend of privacy and liberation remains a defining characteristic.

Reference article: https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20240115-the-european-city-where-selfies-are-awkward

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Topic: Newspapers in New York, Like Their Readers, Are Vanishing

Kenny Hospot is in some ways a typical reader of The Daily News. He’s a construction worker from Queens who’s lived in the city most of his life. He always liked reading the comics and the horoscope in The News.
就某些方面而言，肯尼．霍斯帕堪稱每日新聞報的典型讀者。他是紐約市皇后區的一個建築工人，這一生大多數時間都住在這個城市。他一向愛看該報的漫畫和星座運勢。

How long since he last bought a copy of the paper? Hospot laughed. “I would say like 15 years.”
他上一次買這份報紙是多久之前？霍斯帕笑了，「我看大概有15年了吧。」

Kamel Brown is another archetypal customer for New York’s Hometown Newspaper, as The Daily News styles itself. He’s a maintenance worker for the Metropolitan Transportation Authority. He’s 55 years old. He grew up buying the paper for his grandmother in Brooklyn. “When she was finished reading it, I’d pick it up, flip back and start with the sports,” Brown said.
對於自我定位為紐約家鄉報紙的每日新聞報，凱默．布朗是另一種典型讀者。他是都市交通局的維修工人，55歲。他在布魯克林區的成長過程中，常幫祖母買這份報紙。布朗說：「她看完後，我會拿過來，翻回去，從運動版開始看。」

He doesn’t remember the last time he bought it. When he paged through a copy at a friend’s home this past week, he was unimpressed.
他不記得上次買這份報紙是何時。過去這一周的某日他在友人家翻閱一分報紙時，很無感。

Tristan Dominguez, on the other hand, is still a big Daily News fan. “It’s the only place you see anything local,” Dominguez said at a bodega in Washington Heights, where a stack of papers sat behind the counter.
另一方面，崔斯坦．多明奎茲仍是新聞報的大粉絲。「這是你唯一能看到在地新聞的地方。」多明奎茲在華盛頓高地的一家雜貨店內說，櫃檯後方有一大疊報紙。

He reads the paper mostly online and through Twitter.
他大多數是上網或透過推特看這份報紙。

All of this helps explain why there was an air of inevitability about the news Monday that the organization was laying off half its editorial staff.
這些例子亦可說明，當這家報社決定資遣編輯部一半員工的消息周一（7月23日）傳出時，為何外界會覺得此事似難避免。

Once upon a time, The Daily News sold more than 2 million papers a day. Now its circulation is only about a tenth of that, and the paper’s non-hometown owner, the Chicago-based media company Tronc, which bought the paper in 2017, does not have the patience for non-profitability that the prior owner, Mort Zuckerman, did.
每日新聞報曾經一天賣出200萬分以上，現在發行量大約只剩十分之一。這家報社的非在地老闆、芝加哥的媒體公司Tronc，2017年買下每日新聞報，對於它未能獲利，並沒有前任老闆莫特．札克曼那般的耐性。

At a cultural moment when the very idea of New York City as a hometown is quickly dissolving, and when most people get their news from some sort of glowing screen, the thirst for local ink is not what it used to be.
在當下這個文化時刻，將紐約市當作家鄉的想法正在快速瓦解，而且大多數人是從某種閃爍的螢幕獲得新聞，對於在地新聞文字報導的渴求已不如以往。

And those who do crave hard-hitting coverage that holds officials accountable for the state of the city were not pleased to hear about the layoffs.
對於那些渴望看到逼官員為城市現況負起責任的強烈抨擊報導的人，聽到前述資遣消息並非樂事。

“You need those old-school people because they know what they’re doing,” Rosanne Nunziata, a manager at the New Apollo Diner in downtown Brooklyn, said of The Daily News’ staff of veteran shoe-leather reporters, many of whom are now pounding the pavement in search of employment. “They know how to sneak in and get their stories, and know how to get witnesses to talk and do their thing.”
布魯克林鬧區「新阿波羅餐館」經理羅珊娜．努齊亞塔說：「你需要這些老派人士，因為他們知道自己在做什麼。」她指的是新聞報本分且資深的記者，這些人中有不少正在路上奔走著找工作。「他們知道如何潛入並取得新聞，也知道如何讓目擊者開口，做好他們的工作。」

The New York Post, The Daily News’ longtime rival for tabloid dominance, has seen its circulation plummet, too. Rupert Murdoch, whose News Corp. owns The Post, has long tolerated the paper’s unprofitability, but there may come a time when his successors have far less stomach for red ink.
每日新聞報的長期對手，爭奪八卦小報霸主地位的紐約郵報，發行量也持續大跌。擁有紐約郵報的新聞集團老闆魯柏．梅鐸，長期容忍這家報紙未能獲利。但是也許有一天，他的接班人對赤字的容忍度會小得多。
Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/330084/web/

Next Article

Topic: Dumplings tempt New Yorkers with pizza, peanut butter flavors - and no human contact

New Yorkers can now get their dumpling fix from an automat with no human contact, and the adventurous can order flavors ranging from pepperoni pizza to peanut butter and jelly.
紐約客現在可由一套不需要與人接觸的自動販賣機為他們料理餃子，喜歡嘗試新鮮的人可從義式臘腸披薩到花生醬、果醬等口味中選購。

While the Brooklyn Dumpling Shop in the city’s East Village offers traditional pork and chicken bite-sized treats, chicken parm or Philly cheesesteak are also on the menu.
位於這座城市東村的布魯克林餃子店，提供一口大小的傳統豬肉、雞肉餡點心，菜單上也有焗烤雞肉，或是費城牛肉起司三明治。

Spurred by the pandemic and technology advances, the Brooklyn Dumpling Shop is delivering food via automat 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
在這場疫情以及科技進步的帶動下，布魯克林餃子店正透過自動販賣機，全年無休24小時出餐。

"Embrace technology, because technology is something that has to be embraced by hospitality（business）to thrive," said the shop’s owner Stratis Morfogen.
「擁抱科技，因為餐旅（業）要蒸蒸日上，就得擁抱科技」，店老闆史特拉狄斯．摩佛根說。

Next Article

Topic: New York lawmakers pass bill allowing gender-neutral "X" option in govt documents 紐約州議員通過法案 允許政府文件中可選擇中立性別「X」

The New York state assembly has passed a bill that would allow people who do not identify as either male or female to use "X" as a marker to designate their sex on drivers’ licenses.
紐約州議會通過一項法案，允許認為自己既不是男性也不是女性的民眾，在駕照上標記其性別為X。

The new marker would help transgender, nonbinary and intersex individuals’ identity be recognized in government documents, according to a statement from Assembly Speaker Carl Heastie and Assembly member Daniel O’Donnell.
根據州眾議院議長希斯堤和州眾議員歐唐納發出的聲明，這項新註記會有助於跨性別、非二元性別和雙性人的性別認同，獲得政府文件承認。

"The provisions in this bill will make life safer, reduce the stigma and affirm the identities for so many of our friends and neighbors," O’Donnell said in the statement.
歐唐納在聲明中說，「這項法案中的該項條文，將讓人生活更安全，減少污名，並且確認我們廣大鄉親朋友的身分認同。」

Next Article

Topic: Looking Back on 100 Years of New York City Drinking Culture, From Gritty to Elegant

The history of drinking in America goes straight through the heart of New York. As with so many aspects of the city, that history has run from gritty to stylish and back again.
美國的飲酒歷史直接穿越紐約的心臟，就像這座城市的許多方面一樣，這段歷史經歷了從粗獷到風雅，再回到當初的過程。

For generations, taverns and saloons were largely places for men to gather, drink, gamble and chew tobacco. Those places could be discerning, as with Fraunces Tavern, a still-existent bar patronized in the 18th century by the likes of George Washington and his soldiers, or more suited to the average Joe, like McSorley’s Old Ale House, which opened in the mid-19th century and, until 1970, admitted only men.
數世代以來，酒館和酒吧大多是男人聚集、喝酒、賭博與嚼菸草的地方。這些地方可能是比較有品味的，像是18世紀喬治華盛頓和他旗下軍人經常光顧、至今依然存在的弗朗西斯酒館，也可能是更適合一般人的，像是19世紀中葉開業，且在1970年前只接待男性的麥克索利酒吧。

By the time McSorley’s had opened, many American bartenders had made a a of inventing what we now think of as craft cocktails. The atmosphere at these locales was often hostile and crude.Prohibition changed all that. The idea of bars as hospitable, welcoming spaces gained traction when liquor sales became illegal.
當麥克索利開業時，許多美國酒保已具備發明現今所謂精調雞尾酒的專長。這些地方的氣氛常常是不友善而且粗魯的。

With the advent of speak-easies, owners and bartenders suddenly had a new clientele: women. The social appeal of speak-easies pulled them into new and vibrant communal spaces. Alongside the new customers came bar stools, live jazz and a new breed of cocktails.
禁酒令改變了這一切。當賣酒變成非法時，酒吧是個好客、歡迎人的場所的想法才流行起來。隨著地下酒吧的出現，業主和酒保突然有了一個新的客群：婦女。地下酒吧的社會吸引力將她們拉進新的、充滿活力的公共空間。除了新客群，還出現了酒吧高腳凳、現場爵士樂與新一代雞尾酒。

Despite the end of Prohibition in 1933, these changes to New York’s drinking culture endured, opening up the cocktail scene to a broader audience.
禁酒令雖於1933年廢止，紐約飲酒文化的這些變化卻持續了下來，將雞尾酒的舞台向更廣泛的觀眾開放。

By the 1960s and into the ‘80s and ‘90s, bar culture in New York had become as varied and textured as the city itself. Cocktail bars got yet another revival at the Rainbow Room, where Dale DeGroff took over the drinks program. In the Village, the Stonewall Inn and others became centers for gay culture, while uptown venues like the Shark Bar attracted a mostly African-American clientele.
到了1960年代並進入1980和1990年代，紐約的酒吧文化已變得跟城市本身一樣多采多姿。 雞尾酒酒吧在戴爾．第格洛夫接管酒單的彩虹廳又迎來一次流行。在紐約格林威治村，石牆酒吧等處所成了同性戀文化的中心，而鯊魚酒吧等曼哈頓上城場所則吸引了以非洲裔美國人為主的客群。

Today, despite an unfortunate turnover rate, modern New York cocktail bars are doing their best to foster a sense of community and hospitality.
現今，儘管翻桌率很低，但現代的紐約雞尾酒酒吧正盡最大努力營造一種社群意識和好客氣氛。

It’s this spirit that an editorial writer for The Brooklyn Eagle captured in an 1885 column (quoted by David Wondrich in his book “Imbibe”). “The modern American,” the paper observed, “looks for civility and he declines to go where rowdy instincts are rampant.”
這正是《布魯克林鷹報》一位主筆1885年在專欄中提到的精神（大衛·旺德里奇在所著《飲酒》一書中引用了這段文字）。該報評論道：「現代美國人追求文明有禮，他拒絕去那些粗暴本能猖獗的地方。」

But American bars are not by definition civil. Luckily, it’s as easy to find your watering hole fit today as it was a century ago.
但從定義上說，美國酒吧並非文明的。幸運的是，今天很容易找到適合你的酒吧，跟一個世紀前一樣。Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/335069/web/

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最近網路上對學習的新聞有夠多，有憂鬱症出事消息，也有美語補習班分享小朋友超人般行程的，不知道通勤家族的聽眾朋友們怎麼看呢？

在今天這集《Teacher's Lounge 幕後教師室》裡，John老師和詩敏老師就有聊到，其實在學習的時候，了解所學事物的文化脈絡，從心對它產生興趣，會比起填鴨式的記下來更加有效益，也能更全面的理解並走得更長遠。

但也不是說現在社群平台如FB, YT, Tiktok等短影音的教學很有趣，反正這樣學習有動力又愉快，我們就可以一直看。這些短影音雖然在編排和刺激感上非常強烈，但在說明的時候常常為了時間長度，去掉了許多脈絡，久而久之容易造成不求甚解，不去探究原因和後續可以怎麼發展，對於學習也是有負面影響的喔！

通勤學英語這個節目在製作上，一直很努力的一項重點是全英語內容。作為本土的節目，我們深知道台灣在語言學習上最欠缺的部分就是環境。因此希望能透過本節目，提供自然沈浸式的學習，目標在提高英語水平的同時，也能帶大家多領略英語文化，增添大家學習的動力。如果你想要更多的學習資源，不管是聽的或讀的，都歡迎到通勤學英語的VIP訂閱專案參考我們的加值方案喔！

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2024年2月21日 · 15Mins英語咖啡館

It just keep getting better! After all the celebrations of the Lunar New Year holidays and Valentine's Day, we are going to celebrate by lighting the night!
Patrick and I will discuss all things related to Lantern Festival, the history and trivia. And we will alsoi share three idioms about "light" with you. Want a shout out? Send us your shares and comments using the comment link and we'll give you a shout out in the next episode.
Hope you will enjoy this episode with us as much as we enjoyed producing it!
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國際時事跟讀 Ep.K731: South Korea Takes Historic Step: Ban on Dog Meat Trade

Highlights 主題摘要：

South Korea has recently marked a significant moment in its cultural landscape as the parliament approved a groundbreaking law prohibiting the production and sale of dog meat. This landmark legislation, slated to be enforced by 2027, aims to bring an end to the age-old practice of consuming dog meat, commonly known as "boshintang." While the consumption of dog meat itself will not be deemed illegal, this move reflects the changing attitudes toward this tradition, with only 8% of people having tried dog meat in the past year, according to a recent Gallup poll.

最近，韓國國會批准了一項開創性的法案，禁止生產和銷售狗肉，這顯明了韓國文化領域的一個重要時刻。這項具有里程碑意義的法案預計將於2027年生效，目標是結束食用狗肉這個古老習俗，通常稱作「補身湯」。根據最近的蓋洛普民調，儘管食用狗肉本身不被視為非法，但僅有8％的人在過去一年中嘗試過狗肉，這反映了人們對這個傳統的態度正在發生變化。

The new law primarily targets the dog meat trade, imposing strict penalties on those involved. Individuals convicted of butchering dogs may face up to three years in prison, while those found guilty of raising or selling dogs for meat could serve a maximum of two years. The legislation provides a three-year grace period for farmers and restaurant owners to transition to alternative sources of employment before the ban takes effect. With approximately 1,600 dog meat restaurants and 1,150 dog farms in 2023, these establishments must submit plans to phase out their businesses to local authorities.

新法案主要針對狗肉交易，對相關人員處以嚴厲的懲罰。因屠宰狗肉而被定罪的個人可能面臨最長三年的監禁，而因飼養或出售狗肉而被定罪的人最長則可判兩年。法律為畜牧業者和餐廳老闆提供了三年的寬限期，以便他們過渡到其他的工作管道。據統計，截至2023年，韓國約有1,600家狗肉餐廳和1,150家養狗場，這些機構現在必須向當地政府提交他們汰除業務的階段規劃。

Support for the ban stems from a changing cultural landscape, where dogs are increasingly seen as family members rather than sources of food. Animal rights activists applaud the government's commitment to ending the dog meat trade, emphasizing the importance of respecting the rights of animals. However, opinions on the ban remain divided, particularly among older generations who view dog meat as a traditional delicacy. The generational gap is evident, as younger South Koreans, like 22-year-old student Lee Chae-yeon, advocate for the ban to promote animal rights and acknowledge the evolving role of pets in society.

對這項禁令的支持源於不斷變遷的文化風氣，人們越來越把狗當作家庭成員而非食物來源。動保人士對政府終止狗肉貿易的努力表示讚譽，並強調了尊重動物權利的重要性。然而，對禁令的看法仍然存在分歧，尤其是在將狗肉視為傳統美食的老一輩中。年輕的韓國人，如22歲的學生李彩妍（Lee Chae-yeon），支持禁令以促進動物權利，並承認寵物在社會中不斷演變的角色。

This historic decision has not come without challenges. Dog farmers and restaurant owners, many of whom are elderly, express concerns about losing their livelihoods. The government has promised support, but the details of compensation are still being worked out. The ban's passage in parliament received unanimous approval, signaling a shift in public sentiment toward the humane treatment of animals. As South Korea navigates this cultural shift, it joins the global movement towards recognizing the rights of animals and fostering a more compassionate society.

這個歷史性的決定並非沒有挑戰。許多年長老年的狗農和餐廳業主對失去生計表示擔憂。政府承諾提供支持，但補償的細節仍在商討中。而禁令在國會獲得一致通過，顯示社會大眾對人道對待動物看法的轉變。隨著經歷這個文化轉變，韓國也加入了承認動物權利和培養更具同情心社會的全球運動。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字：

Parliament (par-li-a-ment): South Korea has recently marked a significant moment in its cultural landscape as the parliament approved a groundbreaking law prohibiting the production and sale of dog meat.Establishments (es-tab-lish-ments): With approximately 1,600 dog meat restaurant and 1,150 dog farms in 2023, these establishments must submit plans to phase out their businesses to local authorities.Generational (gen-er-a-tion-al): The generational gap is evident, as younger South Koreans advocate for the ban to promote animal rights.Unanimous (U-nan-i-mous): The ban's passage in parliament received unanimous approval, signaling a shift in public sentiment toward the humane treatment of animals.Compassionate (com-pas-sion-ate): As South Korea navigates this cultural shift, it joins the global movement towards recognizing the rights of animals and fostering a more compassionate society.

Reference article:
1. https://www.euronews.com/green/2024/01/09/south-korea-plans-to-ban-the-consumption-of-dog-meat-by-the-end-of-the-year
2. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-67920167

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Topic: A Monster Wind Turbine Is Upending an Industry

Twirling above a strip of land at the mouth of Rotterdam’s harbor is a wind turbine so large it is difficult to photograph. The turning diameter of its rotor is longer than two American football fields end to end. Later models will be taller than any building on the mainland of Western Europe.

鹿特丹港口一處狹長土地上，有座風力發電機在轉動，規模大到難以近距離拍攝，葉片旋轉直徑比兩座美式足球場接起來還長，日後更新版的風機將比西歐大陸上任何建物都高。

Packed with sensors gathering data on wind speeds, electricity output and stresses on its components, the giant whirling machine in the Netherlands is a test model for a new series of giant offshore wind turbines planned by General Electric. When assembled in arrays, the wind machines have the potential to power cities, supplanting the emissions-spewing coal- or natural gas-fired plants that form the backbones of many electric systems today.

這個位於荷蘭的巨型旋轉機器，是奇異公司所規畫新系列巨型離岸風機的測試模型，配備了收集風速、電力輸出及各零件所受應力數據的感應器。這些風機若以陣列布建，具備為城市供電的潛力，取代大量排放廢氣、組成當今許多發電系統骨幹的燃煤或燃氣發電廠。

GE has yet to install one of these machines in ocean water. As a relative newcomer to the offshore wind business, the company faces questions about how quickly and efficiently it can scale up production to build and install hundreds of the turbines.

奇異公司尚未在海上安裝此類機器。奇異在離岸風電業堪稱新兵，面臨的問題是，能多快、多有效地擴大生產規模，以建造並安裝數百座風機。

But already the giant turbines have turned heads in the industry. A top executive at the world’s leading wind farm developer called it a “bit of a leapfrog over the latest technology.” And an analyst said the machine’s size and advance sales had “shaken the industry.”

然而這種巨型風機已在業界引起轟動。全球頂尖風場開發商的一位高管稱其為「超越最新技術的一次飛躍」。一位分析師表示，這款機器的尺寸與預售量「撼動了整個產業」。

The prototype is the first of a generation of new machines that are about a third more powerful than the largest already in commercial service. As such, it is changing the business calculations of wind equipment makers, developers and investors.

這是新世代風機的第一個原型機，新世代風機功能比已在商業運轉的最大風機還要強三分之一左右。因此，它正在改變風力設備製造商、開發商與投資人的盤算。

The GE machines will have a generating capacity that would have been almost unimaginable a decade ago. A single one will be able to turn out 13 megawatts of power, enough to light up a town of roughly 12,000 homes.

奇異的風機將具有十年前幾乎無法想像的發電能力，一座就能產生13百萬瓦電力，足夠點亮約有1.2萬戶家庭的小鎮。

The turbine is capable of producing as much thrust as the four engines of a Boeing 747 jet, according to GE, and will be deployed at sea, where developers have learned that they can plant larger and more numerous turbines than on land to capture breezes that are stronger and more reliable.

奇異表示，這種風機能產生相當於波音747飛機四具引擎的推力，將部署在海上，開發商已經知道在海上能安裝比陸上更大也更多的風機，以捕捉更強也更可靠的風。

The race to build bigger turbines has moved faster than many industry figures foresaw. GE’s Haliade-X generates almost 30 times more electricity than the first offshore machines installed off Denmark in 1991.

建造更大風機的競賽步調比許多業內人士預測的要快。奇異的Haliade-X風機，發電量幾乎是1991年安裝於丹麥近海的第一座離岸風機的30倍。

In coming years, customers are likely to demand even bigger machines, industry executives say. On the other hand, they predict that turbines will reach a point at which greater size no longer makes economic sense.

業界高層表示，未來幾年顧客很可能要求更大的機器。另一方面，他們預測，風機遲早會來到再大就不合經濟效益的時刻。
Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5180307

Next Article

Topic: A Scary Energy Winter Is Coming. Don’t Blame the Greens.

Every so often the tectonic geopolitical plates that hold up the world economy suddenly shift in ways that can rattle and destabilize everything on the surface. That’s happening right now in the energy sphere.

有時候，承載世界經濟的地緣政治板塊會突然移動，把地表每樣東西搖得嘎嘎作響。這種事現在就在能源領域發生。

Several forces are coming together that could make Vladimir Putin the king of Europe, enable Iran to thumb its nose at America and build an atomic bomb, and disrupt European power markets enough that the upcoming United Nations climate conference in Glasgow, Scotland, could suffer blackouts owing to too little clean energy.

有幾股勢力正在匯聚，能使俄國總統普亭成為歐洲之王，使伊朗有本錢不把美國放在眼裡，進而造出原子彈，並足以打亂歐洲能源市場，讓即將登場的英國蘇格蘭格拉斯哥聯合國氣候大會可能會因為潔淨能源太少而停電。

Yes, this is a big one.
沒錯，問題很大。

Natural gas and coal prices in Europe and Asia just hit their highest levels on record, oil prices in America hit a seven-year high and U.S. gasoline prices are up $1 a gallon from last year. If this winter is as bad as some experts predict — with some in the poor and middle classes unable to heat their homes — I fear we’ll see a populist backlash to the whole climate/green movement. You can already smell that coming in Britain.

歐亞兩洲的天然氣和煤價剛剛達到史上最高，美國原油價格創七年新高，而汽油價格每加侖比去年上漲1美元。如果今年冬天跟一些專家預測的一樣糟，一些貧窮和中產階級人家負擔不起取暖費用，我擔心會出現針對整個氣候和綠能運動的民粹反彈。在英國已經可以嗅到這個跡象。

How did we get here? In truth, it’s a good-news-bad-news story.
我們怎會走到這一步？其實，這是個好消息壞消息都有的故事。

The good news is that every major economy has signed onto reducing its carbon footprint by phasing out dirtier fuels like coal to heat homes and to power industries. The bad news is that most nations are doing it in totally uncoordinated ways, from the top down, and before the market has produced sufficient clean renewables like wind, solar and hydro.
好消息是，每個主要經濟體都已同意，透過逐步淘汰煤炭這類比較髒的燃料給家庭取暖和給產業供電，減少碳足跡。壞消息則是，多數國家這麼做的時候完全沒有互相協調，由上而下執行，而且市場還沒製造出足夠多的風力、太陽能和水力等清潔能源。

But how did the bad-news side of this story emerge so fast?
這個故事的壞消息面為何這麼快出現？

Blame COVID-19. First, the pandemic erupted and signaled to every major economy that we were headed for a deep recession. This sent prices of all kinds of commodities, including oil and gas, into downward spirals.
要怪新冠肺炎。首先，疫情爆發，對每個重要經濟體而言意味我們正走向深度衰退，使原油、天然氣等各類大宗商品價格走軟。

This, in turn, led banks to choke off investment in new natural gas capacity and crude wells after seven years of already declining investments in these hydrocarbons because of lousy returns.
這進而使銀行停止投資擴充天然氣產能和油井。銀行已減少投資這些碳氫化合物達七年，因為報酬率很差。

As Bill Gates points out in his smart book “How to Avoid a Climate Disaster,” the only way to reach our climate targets is to shift production of all the big heavy industries, like steel, cement and automobiles, as well as how we heat our homes and power our cars, to electricity generated from clean energy. Safe and affordable nuclear power has to be part of our mix because, Gates argues, “it is the only carbon-free, scalable energy source that’s available 24 hours a day.”

就像微軟創辦人蓋茲在他那本睿智的書「如何避免氣候災難」指出的，達成氣候目標的唯一方法是，改變所有重工業如鋼鐵、水泥、汽車業等的生產方式，以及我們在家取暖和為愛車提供動力的方式，轉而用潔淨能源發電。蓋茲主張必須接納安全可負擔的核能，因為「這是唯一不產生二氧化碳又能擴增的能源來源，每天24小時供應」。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5820545

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Topic: Londoners are better off returning to the office as bills soar

City of London workers looking to save money may want to embrace the office over winter as the cost of working from home soars alongside energy bills.
在家工作的成本隨著能源費用的飆升一起上漲，因此到了冬天，想要省錢的倫敦城上班族可能會希望進辦公室上班。

Those prepared to go into the office every day could save about €50 (US$60) per week in January 2023 if they can walk, run or cycle into their workplace. That’s thanks to the money they’ve saved by not heating a home for the whole day, according to estimates by price comparison site Uswitch.
公室的人若可以走路、跑步或騎自行車到工作地點的話，在二○二三年一月，每週可節省約五十英鎊（六十美元）。根據價格比較網站Uswitch的估計，他們之所以省下這些錢，是因為家裡整天都不開暖氣。

Those working from home in January could expect to pay around €175 a week in energy costs and other incidentals included in Bloomberg’s calculations such as buying in your own coffee, a freebie in many offices. The combined cost of energy bills — factoring in the lower consumption expected — and five return trips on the Tube from London’s Zone 4 would be about €160 a week in January 2023, a €15 saving.
一月份在家工作的人預計每週要支付大約一百七十五英鎊的能源費用，以及彭博社所計算出的其他雜費，例如自費買咖啡——很多辦公室會免費供應咖啡。二○二三年一月能源帳單的總成本（以預期較低的花費計算），加上由倫敦第四區坐地鐵來上班來回五次，每週將花費約一百六十英鎊，因此跟在家工作相比，到辦公室上班節省了十五英鎊。

For those taking the bus, the total cost is about €140, a €35 weekly saving. In both cases, any rise in the cost of the commute will eat into those savings.
坐公車上班的人，總花費則約為一百四十英鎊，每週可節省三十五英鎊。在坐地鐵和公車這兩種情況下，任何通勤成本的增加都會消耗所省下的錢。

Uswitch estimates that the average monthly energy bill could hit €683 in January for home workers, compared to €492 for those heading to the office. It assumes remote workers use 25 percent more electricity and 75 percent more gas per day including from central heating.

Uswitch估計，在家工作的人，一月份的平均能源費用可能會達到六百八十三英鎊，而到辦公室上班的人則為四百九十二英鎊。這是假設遠距上班的人每天多使用百分之二十五的電力，以及多百分之七十五的瓦斯，包括用於中央暖氣。
Coping Mechanism
“People are going to be really struggling to heat their own homes and they are going to look for warmth in other places — we know that is a coping mechanism that people use, whether that is going to a public space, such as a library or a church maybe, or whether it’s going to work when you usually would work from home” Matt Copeland, policy officer at National Energy Action said. “Those are the options people will consider and people will take to actually find warmth.”

因應機制
「要把自己家裡變暖將是難以負擔的窘境，所以人們會到其他地方取暖——我們知道這是一種因應機制，無論是去公共場所，比如圖書館或教堂，或是在你通常在家工作的時候到辦公室上班」，國家能源行動組織政策主管馬特‧科普蘭表示。「人們會考慮和採用這些選項，而實際上找到暖源」。

The incentive to come into the office is likely to be welcomed by some in the City of London, where finance bosses have been pushing for a return to the office. Right now less than half of workers in the UK’s banking sector go into the office on an average day, and just 18 percent of insurance sector employees do so, according to a survey by consultancy Advanced Workplace Associates.準備每天去辦

對於這進辦公室的動機，倫敦城某些人可能會樂見其成。這些金融業老闆一直在推動員工重返辦公室。根據諮詢公司Advanced Workplace Associates的一項調查，目前英國銀行業平均只有不到一半的員工進辦公室上班，而保險業只有百分之十八的員工這麼做。source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2022/08/23/2003783959

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各位通勤家族朋友們年假過得如何？準備好收心回歸日常生活了嗎，或是你早就開工在補班了呢？

今天這集的《Teacher's Lounge 幕後教師室》John老師和阿鍵老師從年初的心願開始聊起，
談到了學習歷程中的痛苦與抗拒，這些讓你不舒服的部分，往往才是刺激我們進步的養份，所以千萬別忽略這些感受喔！

下面是一套簡單的檢驗流程
Step 1. 發現痛苦與衝突
Step 2. 仔細體驗與分析感受到的事物
Step 3. 搜集資料了解可能產生的變化，決定繼續或停止
Step 4. 觀察/享受轉變

我們也期待你和我們分享在學習過程中碰到的困難，老師們或許也有體驗過你目前的感受喔。歡迎到各大平台留言或是私訊，讓通勤學英語陪伴你成長進步！

「社會人核心英語」完課榜這裡看：https://www.15mins.today/be-essentials

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It's the last day of the 2024 Lunar New Year holidays and also a day celebrated in the West for lovers! Wish you a loving and memorable Valentine's Day!
Today, Shimin will share an interesting song sang by the greats like Frank Sinatra and Rod Stewart.

The song is called "My funny valentine". Although the lyrics seemed absurd at first, it is quite a romantic song.

Check this song out and listen to what Shimin and I shared about our memorable Valentine's Day. Want a shout out? Send us your shares and comments using the comment link and we'll give you a shout out in the next episode.

Hope you will enjoy this episode with us as much as we enjoyed producing it!

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國際時事跟讀 Ep.K727: MrBeast's $250,000 X Experiment: Unveiling the Power of Creator Monetization

Highlights 主題摘要：

Influencer MrBeast, known off-screen as Jimmy Donaldson, recently tested Elon Musk's theory on X, the social media platform owned by Musk. Surprisingly, MrBeast revealed that a single video he posted on X earned him over $250,000, showcasing the potential windfall for major internet personalities participating in the platform's new ad revenue sharing program.
知名網紅MrBeast，本名Jimmy Donaldson，最近在由Elon Musk擁有的社群平台X上測試了Musk的理論。令人驚訝的是，MrBeast透露，他在X上發布的一個影片讓他賺了超過25萬美元，展示了參與該平台新的廣告收益分潤計劃的主要網紅可能獲得的潛在豐厚利潤。

Elon Musk introduced this program in July, aiming to share revenue from ads displayed in response to high-performing content. The catch: creators must subscribe to X's premium service. This initiative not only aligns X with competitors like Meta, YouTube, and TikTok but also strives to boost the platform's ad business.
Elon Musk於七月推出了這項計劃，目的是回饋表現成果優異的內容，並分出廣告收益。問題是：創作者必須訂閱X的高級服務。這個行動不僅使X與Meta、YouTube和TikTok等競爭對手保持一致，還努力提振了平台的廣告業務。

Despite MrBeast's initial reluctance to regularly post on X, he decided to experiment by uploading an older video about testing expensive cars. Surpassing 160 million views, the video demonstrated the potential for meaningful earnings through X's nascent ad revenue sharing program. However, MrBeast cautioned that results might not be uniform for all creators.
儘管MrBeast最初不願意定期在X上貼文，但他決定上傳一個有關測試昂貴汽車的舊影片來進行實驗。該影片的觀看次數超過了1.6億次，展示了透過X新興的廣告收益分潤計劃實現有意義收入的潛力。然而，MrBeast警告說，結果可能不能套用到所有創作者上。

MrBeast's substantial payout can be attributed to his massive X following of over 27.5 million users. The influencer's engagement likely contributed to higher revenue per view, as advertisers sought the attention his content was garnering.
MrBeast巨額的收入歸功於他在X上的龐大追隨者，超過2,750萬用戶。這位網紅的參與可能有助於提高每次觀看的收入，因為廣告商們都在尋求他的內容所帶來的關注度。

While MrBeast celebrated his success, not all creators on X share the same sentiment. Conservative commentator Dan Bongino received a mere $379, sparking criticism of X's creator program. Some fear that paying X Premium subscribers, whose posts are already boosted by the algorithm, might encourage inflammatory content.
儘管MrBeast慶祝他的成功，但並非所有X上的創作者都有相同的感受。保守評論員丹·邦吉諾僅收到379美元，引發對X創作者計劃的批評。有人擔心訂閱X高級服務後，他們的貼文會立刻被演算法提升，可能會促使發表更具爭議或冒犯性的內容。

While MrBeast's experiment may bring him considerable earnings, it's essential to note that X's monetization rules count views only from Premium subscribers. This subscription-based model may limit broader creator monetization experiences on X. The platform's payout system has faced scrutiny, with disparities observed between payouts for favored accounts and other users.
雖然MrBeast的實驗可能為他帶來可觀的收益，但需要注意的是，X的盈利規則僅計算高級訂戶的觀看次數。這種基於訂閱的模式可能會限制在X平台上更廣泛的創作者盈利體驗。該平台的付款制度受到質疑，因為可以觀察到對喜愛帳戶和其他用戶之間的分潤存在差異。

In conclusion, MrBeast's $250,000 X experiment sheds light on the potential earnings for major internet personalities, but it also underscores the challenges and disparities within X's creator monetization landscape.
總之，MrBeast的25萬美元X平台實驗，顯示了重點網紅的潛在收益，但也凸顯了X的創作者盈利環境中的挑戰與差異。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字：

Initiative (i-ni-ti-a-tive): Elon Musk introduced this initiative in July, aiming to share revenue from ads displayed in response to high-performing content.Demonstrated (de-mon-strat-ed): Surpassing 160 million views, the video demonstrated the potential for meaningful earnings through X's nascent ad revenue sharing program.Commentator (com-men-ta-tor): Conservative commentator Dan Bongino received a mere $379, sparking criticism of X's creator program.Inflammatory (in-flam-ma-to-ry): Some fear that paying X Premium subscribers might encourage inflammatory content.Monetization (mon-e-ti-za-tion): MrBeast's success on X sheds light on the potential earnings for major internet personalities and the challenges within X's creator monetization landscape.

Reference article:
1. https://edition.cnn.com/2024/01/23/tech/mr-beast-x-video-worth/index.html
2. https://mashable.com/article/mrbeast-x-video-upload-experiment

HP Elite Dragonfly 頂級商務筆電，專業設計，頂尖安全！1kg 輕盈機身搭配13.5吋 3:2 螢幕視野，搭配先進的 AI 降噪功能，不限時空從容應對線上會議，工作更有效率！

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Topic: Collins Dictionary picks ‘NFT’ as word of the year

Collins Dictionary has chosen the term NFT as its word of the year after surging interest in the digital tokens that can sell for millions of dollars brought it into the mainstream.
《柯林斯詞典》於近日選出「NFT」為年度詞彙！該數位貨幣交易動輒高達數百萬美元，各界對它的興趣大增，並成功打入主流市場。

NFT is short for non-fungible token. Collins defines it as “a unique digital certificate, registered in a blockchain, that is used to record ownership of an asset such as an artwork or a collectible.”
NFT是「非同質代幣」的縮寫，《柯林斯詞典》將NFT定義為「一種基於區塊鏈的獨特數位認證，用於記錄藝術品或收藏品等資產的所有權。」

Most people didn’t know what an NFT was until this year, when sales boomed, sparked in large part by artist Beeple’s March auction of a digital collage NFT for nearly US$70 million (approximately NT$2 billion). Experts at Collins said they chose NFT because of its “meteoric rise in usage,” up 11,000 percent this year.
人們原本對NFT很陌生，但自從數位藝術家畢波今年三月以近七千萬美元（近二十億台幣）的天價，售出一件數位拼貼作品後，NFT熱潮隨即興起，人們紛紛將目光投向NFT市場。柯林斯的專家表示，NFT一詞的使用量「迅速竄升」，今年已增長一百一十倍。

“NFTs seem to be everywhere, from the arts sections to the financial pages and in galleries and auction houses and across social media platforms,” said Alex Beecroft, managing director of Collins Learning. But whether NFT will have a lasting influence is yet to be determined, he added.
「柯林斯學習」的總經理比克羅夫特表示︰「NFT似乎無所不在，從藝術領域到金融版面，並且在畫廊、拍賣會還有社交平台都有它的蹤影。」他補充︰「但NFT是否會產生持久的影響，仍有待觀察。」Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2021/12/06/2003769067

Next Article

Topic: Art Museums Are Struggling to Weed Out the Vandals From the Visitors

For Hans-Peter Wipplinger, the director of Vienna’s Leopold Museum, the past few weeks have been challenging. As climate protesters across Europe stepped up their attacks against art, Wipplinger took measures to protect his storied collection, which includes famous paintings by Gustav Klimt and Egon Schiele. Bags were banned; coats, too. The museum hired extra guards to patrol its five floors.

對維也納立奧波德博物館館長維普林格來說，過去幾周充滿挑戰。隨著歐洲各地氣候抗議者加大對藝術品的攻擊力道，維普林格採取措施保護他的著名收藏，包括克林姆和席勒的名畫。禁止包包，外套也是。博物館雇用額外警衛巡視五個樓層。

It didn’t work. Last week, members of a group called Last Generation walked into the museum and threw black liquid at one of Klimt’s major works, “Death and Life.” A protester had sneaked the liquid into the museum in a hot water bottle strapped to his chest, Wipplinger said.

但沒有成功，上周一個名為「最後一代」團體的成員走進博物館，向克林姆主要作品之一《死亡與生命》潑灑黑色液體。維普林格說，一名抗議者將這種液體裝在一個熱水瓶內偷偷帶進博物館。

The Klimt, protected by glass, was unharmed. But Wipplinger said his security team could only have stopped the attack by subjecting visitors to invasive body searches, “like at the airport.” He didn’t want to even consider that prospect, he added.

受玻璃保護的克林姆作品雖毫髮無損，但維普林格說，他的保安團隊恐怕只能對訪客進行侵入式搜身
來阻止攻擊，「就像在機場一樣」。他還表示，他甚至不想考慮這一可能性。

With the attacks showing no sign of abating, museum directors across Europe are settling into a nervous new equilibrium, fearful for the works in their care but unwilling to compromise on making visitors feel welcome. So far, nothing has been permanently damaged. But many fear that an accident or an escalation in the protesters’ tactics could result in a masterpiece being destroyed.

由於攻擊沒有減弱跡象，歐洲各地博物館館長正陷入一種緊張的新平衡狀態，擔心自己照顧的作品受到損害，但又不願在讓訪客感覺賓至如歸的問題上妥協。到目前為止，還沒有任何永久性的損壞，但許多人擔心，若發生意外或抗議者升級策略，恐導致名作被毀。

The actions, which began in Britain in June, are already increasing in frequency and daring. At first, protesters glued themselves to the frames of famous paintings, but since footage of activists splattering Vincent Van Gogh’s “Sunflowers” with tomato soup spread rapidly on social media in October, masterpieces have been doused in pea soup, mashed potatoes and flour.

這些行動於6月在英國開始，如今已日益頻繁，愈來愈大膽。最初，抗議者將自己黏在名畫畫框上，但自從10月活動人士向梵谷《向日葵》潑灑番茄湯影片在社群媒體上迅速傳播以來，名作陸續被潑上豌豆湯、馬鈴薯泥以及麵粉。

Those works were all protected by glass, and the protesters’ projectiles never touched an artist’s brushstroke. Yet, last month, protesters in Paris poured orange paint directly onto a silver Charles Ray sculpture outside the Bourse de Commerce contemporary art space. (A Bourse de Commerce spokesperson said the sculpture was cleaned within a few hours.)

這些作品都有玻璃保護，抗議者的投擲物從未接觸到藝術家的畫作。然而，巴黎的抗議者上月將橘色油漆直接倒在商業交易所當代藝術空間外查爾斯．雷的銀色雕像上。（法國商業交易所一名發言人說，這座雕像在數小時內就被清理乾淨了。）

In a statement last month signed by the leaders of more than 90 of the world’s largest art institutions, museum administrators said they were “deeply shaken” by the protesters’ “risky endangerment” of artworks.

在全球90多間最大藝術機構負責人上月簽署的一份聲明中，這些博物館管理人員表示，抗議者對藝術品的「危險危害」，令他們「深感震驚」。

Yet, few museums appear to have taken bold steps to protect their collections. Norway’s National Museum and the Barberini Museum in Potsdam, Germany, have banned visitors from taking bags or jackets into their exhibition halls. Others have made no changes.

然而，似乎很少博物館採取大膽措施保護館藏。挪威國家博物館及德國波茨坦巴貝里尼博物館禁止遊客攜包包或夾克進入展覽廳，其他博物館則未做出任何改變。Source
article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/6828062

Next Article

Topic: Piet Mondrian artwork displayed upside down for 75 years

An artwork by the abstract Dutch painter Piet Mondrian has been hanging upside down in various galleries for 75 years, an art historian has said.
一名藝術史家說，荷蘭抽象畫家皮特‧蒙德里安的一幅作品，75年來在多個不同藝廊都被上下顛倒掛反了。

Despite the recent discovery, the work, entitled New York City I, will continue to be displayed the wrong way up to avoid it being damaged.
不過，儘管這項最近的發現，這幅名為「紐約市1號」的作品，將繼續以上下顛倒的方式展出，以避免畫作被損毀。

It has hung at the art collection of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Düsseldorf since 1980.
這幅作品1980年起一直掛在杜塞道夫的北萊茵—西伐利亞邦藝術品收藏館。

Curator Susanne Meyer-Büser noticed the longstanding error when researching the museum’s new show on the artist earlier this year, but warned it could disintegrate if it was hung the right side up now.
策展人蘇珊娜‧梅爾—布瑟今年稍早研究該館新推出的這名畫家展覽時，發現這個長期以來的錯誤，但她警告，如果現在用正確的方向掛，可能使這幅畫解體。

Next Article

Topic: Manga artist falls for fake Mark Ruffalo, loses $500,000 漫畫家被假的馬克‧魯法洛迷倒，損失50萬美元

The latest work from veteran manga artist Chikae Ide follows her common theme of romance and relationships, but “Poison Love” is quite different than her previous pieces.
（日本）資深漫畫家井出智香惠的最新力作，秉持其一貫的羅曼史與男女關係的主題，但（這部名為）「毒戀」（的漫畫）與其以往的作品大不相同。

First of all, it is based on a true story about a lovestruck woman in an international romance who gets swindled out of 75 million yen ($523,200).
首先，該作品是改編自真實故事，描述一名在跨國戀中被愛情沖昏頭的女子，被人騙走7500萬日幣（52萬3200美元）。

And secondly, the protagonists are Ide herself and a man she believed was Mark Ruffalo, the Hollywood actor who plays the Bruce Banner-Hulk character in the “Avengers” films.
其次，故事主人翁是井出本人，以及與一名她原以為是好萊塢男星馬克‧魯法洛的男子。魯法洛曾在「復仇者聯盟」系列電影中，扮演本名布鲁斯‧班纳的（漫威英雄）浩克。

Ide, 74, says she hopes her latest work, a confession of sorts, will help others avoid being scammed in online international romances.
74歲的井出說，希望她的最新力作或說告白，能協助其他人避免陷入國際網戀騙局。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1555570 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1555996

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國際時事跟讀 Ep.K723: Top Diet of 2024: Mediterranean Style Reigns Again

Highlights 主題摘要：

The Mediterranean style of eating has once again secured its position as the top choice for a healthy lifestyle, as announced by the U.S. News & World Report for the seventh consecutive year. The 2024 ratings revealed the Mediterranean diet as the best overall diet, excelling in categories such as ease of adherence, family-friendliness, and benefits for diabetes, bone, joint, and heart health. Plant-based diets took the spotlight, with the DASH and MIND diets claiming second and third places respectively.

《美國新聞與世界報導》宣布，地中海風格的飲食蟬聯第七年在健康生活中的最佳選擇。2024年的評比顯示，地中海飲食被評為最佳整體飲食，在易堅持性、家庭友好性和對糖尿病、骨骼、關節和心臟健康的益處等方面表現優越。以植物為基礎的飲食受到關注，DASH和MIND飲食分別獲得第二和第三名。

In a significant move, the expert committee evaluated the vegan diet for the first time, granting it the third spot among the best plant-based diets. Additional newcomers to the 2024 list included the Dukan, Herbalife Nutrition, HMR, Profile Plan, and Plantstrong diets, each bringing their unique approach to nutrition. U.S. News emphasized their commitment to guiding users through the overwhelming world of diets by consulting medical and nutrition experts.

其他意義重大的行動包含，專家委員會首次評估了純素飲食，並將其列為最佳植物為基礎的飲食中的第三名。2024年新增的還有杜坎、賀寶芙餐飲、HMR、Profile Plan和Plantstrong等飲食，各自帶來了獨特的營養攝取法。《美國新聞》強調他們致力於通過諮詢醫學和營養專家，引導用戶通過複雜的飲食世界。

Understanding the Mediterranean Style of Eating
理解地中海風格的飲食

The Mediterranean diet, characterized more as a lifestyle than a stringent regimen, has consistently shown health benefits. Research indicates its potential to reduce the risk of diabetes, high cholesterol, dementia, memory loss, depression, and breast cancer. Emphasizing simple, plant-based cooking, the diet revolves around fruits, vegetables, whole grains, beans, seeds, and extra-virgin olive oil. Limited consumption of red meat, encouragement of oily fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids, and smaller portions of eggs, dairy, and poultry are key features.

地中海飲食更被視為一種生活方式，而不僅僅是一種嚴格的飲食方案，地中海飲食一直以來都顯示出健康益處。研究表明，它有助於降低糖尿病、高膽固醇、癡呆症、記憶喪失、抑鬱和乳腺癌的風險。強調簡單的植物為基礎的烹飪，飲食圍繞著水果、蔬菜、全穀物、豆類、種子和特級初榨橄欖油展開。有限的紅肉消耗，鼓勵攝入富含omega-3脂肪酸的魚和油脂，以及較少量的雞蛋、奶製品和家禽是其關鍵特點。

The social aspect of meals and regular exercise form integral parts of this eating style. Sharing meals with friends and family, savoring favorite foods mindfully, and engaging in mindful movement contribute to the holistic approach of the Mediterranean diet.

進餐的社交觀點和定期的運動是這種飲食風格的組成要素。與家人和朋友共進晚餐，對喜愛的食物進行細心品味，並參與正念運動有助於地中海飲食的整體理念。

The Raw Food Diet: A Bottom Performer
生食飲食：低居榜末

Earning the last spot on the list of 30 best overall diets is the raw food diet, advocating the consumption of uncooked, unprocessed, and pesticide-free foods. Despite apparent health benefits, experts caution against its nutritional restrictions and potential safety concerns. Dr. Vanita Rahman recommends integrating raw foods into a whole foods, plant-based diet for a safer and healthier approach.

在30種最佳整體飲食的榜單上，生食飲食獲得最後一名，倡導食用未經烹飪、未加工且無農藥殘留的食物。儘管有明顯的健康益處，專家們警告其營養限制和潛在的安全問題。Vanita Rahman博士建議將生食飲食融入整體的植物為基礎的飲食，以實現更安全和更健康的方式。

Keto Diet: A Controversial Ranking
生酮飲食：爭議性的排名

While the popular keto diet secured the top spot for fast weight loss, it landed in 25th place overall. Criticized for its extreme carbohydrate restrictions, experts argue its difficulty to sustain over the long term. Not recommended for individuals with certain health conditions, pregnant individuals, and athletes, concerns about cognitive decline, nutritional deficiencies, kidney stones, heart disease, and muscle loss have raised skepticism about the diet's long-term safety.

儘管受到歡迎的生酮飲食在快速減重方面名列前茅，但在整體排名中僅排名第25位。專家批評其極端的碳水化合物限制，並主張其難以長期維持。不建議有特定健康狀況、懷孕者和運動員進行此飲食，有關認知下降、營養缺乏、腎結石、心臟病和肌肉流失的擔憂引發對該飲食長期安全性的質疑。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字：

Mediterranean (Med-i-ter-ra-ne-an): The Mediterranean diet, characterized more as a lifestyle than a stringent regimen, has consistently shown health benefits.Characterized (Char-ac-ter-ized): The Mediterranean diet, characterized more as a lifestyle than a stringent regimen, has consistently shown health benefits.Cholesterol (Cho-les-ter-ol): Research indicates its potential to reduce the risk of diabetes, high cholesterol, dementia, memory loss, depression, and breast cancer.Nutritional (Nu-tri-tion-al): Despite apparent health benefits, experts caution against its nutritional restrictions and potential safety concerns.Carbohydrate (Car-bo-hy-drate): Criticized for its extreme carbohydrate restrictions, experts argue its difficulty to sustain over the long term.

Reference article: https://edition.cnn.com/2024/01/03/health/best-diet-2024-wellness/index.html

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Topic: Junk food habit affects sleep quality

French fries and hamburgers are popular with teenagers. Everyone knows that these high-calorie foods can lead to chronic illnesses such as heart disease and high blood pressure, but, according to a report published by Medical Xpress, a study led by the University of Queensland in Australia has found that eating too much junk food can also have an impact on teenagers’ sleep quality.

薯條、漢堡等速食及飲料很受青少年喜愛。眾所皆知這些高熱量食物會導致慢性疾病，如心臟病和高血壓等。不過，「醫療快訊」報導，澳洲昆士蘭大學帶領的一項研究發現，吃過多的垃圾食品還會影響青少年的睡眠品質。

According to the research results, teenagers who drink more than three soft drinks per day were 55 percent more likely to report sleep disturbance than those who only drink one cup per day. Males who ate fast foods on more than four days per week were 55 percent more likely to report sleep disturbance than those who ate them only once a week, while females were 49 percent more likely to do so.

根據研究結果，每天喝三杯以上飲料的青少年自稱有睡眠障礙的機率，比每天只喝一杯軟飲料的青少年高百分之五十五。每週吃四天以上速食的男性自稱有睡眠障礙的機率，比那些每週只吃一次速食的男性高百分之五十五，而女性的機率高出百分之四十九。

This global study examined unhealthy diets and stress-related sleep disturbance in high school students from 64 countries. The study found that 7.5 percent of adolescents reported having stress-related sleep disturbance, which was more common among females than males and increased with more frequent consumption of carbonated soft drinks, as did the occurrence of sleep problems. Because carbonated drinks often contain caffeine and large amounts of sugar, while fast foods are high in energy but poor in nutrients, long-term consumption can cause nutritional imbalances.

這是一項針對全球不健康飲食和與壓力有關的睡眠障礙研究，涉及來自六十四個國家的高中生。研究表明，百分之七點五的青少年自稱有壓力相關的睡眠障礙，其中女性比男性更常見，且隨著碳酸飲料的頻繁飲用而增加，睡眠障礙的比率也愈高。因為碳酸飲料通常含有咖啡因和高糖分，而快餐食品高熱量但較缺乏營養，長期攝取會營養不均衡。

These data were collected from global health surveys conducted by the WHO between 2009 and 2016, which included about 170,000 students aged 12 to 15 years from 64 low, middle and high-income countries in Southeast Asia, Africa, South America and the eastern Mediterranean.

這些數據收集自二○○九年至二○一六年世界衛生組織的全球健康調查，其中包括來自東南亞、非洲、南美部分地區和地中東海東部地區的六十四個低、中、高收入國家的約十七萬名十二至十五歲的學生。

The research team said that frequent intake of soft drinks and eating of fast foods is closely associated with sleep problems in teenagers, and that this phenomenon is particularly clear in high-income countries. The research team said that these findings are worrying because poor-quality sleep has an adverse impact on adolescent health and cognitive development. They suggested that policies should be formulated that target these unhealthy behaviors.

研究團隊表示，青少年經常喝飲料、吃速食與睡眠障礙之間關聯密切，這現象尤其在高收入國家特別明顯。研究團隊指出，這些發現令人擔憂，因為睡眠品質差會對青少年的健康和認知發展產生不利影響。他們建議應針對這些不健康的行為制定相關政策，使青少年能健康成長。
Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2021/01/05/2003749938

Next Article

Topic: Philippines store rolls out ingenious face masks for bubble tea lovers

珍珠奶茶在國際舞台上幾乎與台灣劃上等號，在台灣時常能看到人手一杯手搖飲。然而礙於疫情，戴著口罩要喝飲料變得麻煩許多，一間菲律賓飲料店為了解決這個問題，最近推出了一款讓人無需脫口罩就能吸到珍奶的超神口罩。

In recent years, bubble tea has become synonymous with Taiwan among members and friends of the foreign community, and many locals can often be seen drinking hand-shaken beverages wherever they go.
With the COVID-19 outbreak and the subsequent requirements of wearing face masks in crowded areas, however, drinking soft drinks has become a bit of a hassle.

To solve this problem, a beverage store in the Philippines recently released a new line of face masks that you won’t need to take off to enjoy a sip from your favorite drink.

此店Gallontea將口罩命名為「吸吸罩」(Sippy Mask) ，表面看起來與一般布口罩差不多，但是口罩的嘴巴邊卻有一個小開口，上面附著一個蓋子讓喜愛喝珍奶的人可以邊喝邊防疫。

The “Sippy Mask” released by Gallontea looks like an ordinary cloth face mask, but if you look closely, you’ll find that there is a small opening near the mouth, with a small-cap for bubble-tea lovers to enjoy a safe drink.

店家也特別在官網上表示，只要消費有達1,000披索（約新台幣605.56元）就會贈送此口罩。而雖然口罩預購期已於昨日截止，目前也只在菲律賓販售，然而因為銷量不賴，期望未來有機會進軍台灣；不過大家需特別注意，喝完飲料要再將開口關上，才不會白帶口罩。

On their official Instagram page, Gallontea announced that customers can receive a free face mask with a minimum purchase of 1,000 pesos (US$20.59).
Although the pre-order time was only till Aug. 18 and the masks are currently only being sold in the Philippines, with the way it’s selling out, many people have expressed hope that customers will see this ingenious invention on Taiwan racks very soon.
However, users of the face masks should be mindful of closing the opening once they’ve taken a sip from the drinks or else the act of wearing face masks would be rendered useless.
Source article: https://chinapost.nownews.com/20200819-1696789

Next Article

Topic: South Korea bans coffee in schools to curb overconsumption

South Korea will introduce a new law tomorrow banning the sale of coffee in primary and secondary schools to prevent students from consuming too much caffeine. This means that nobody, including teachers, will be able to buy caffeinated drinks on campus. The South Korean government hopes the ban will help promote healthy dietary habits among children.

南韓明日起將推出一項新法令，禁止中小學販售咖啡，以避免學生攝取過多的咖啡因。這意味著包括教師在內所有人，都無法在校園內購買含咖啡因的飲料，韓國政府希望該禁令能幫助學童培養健康的飲食習慣。

According to CNN, students under academic pressure consuming excessive caffeine during exam periods is a common problem in South Korea. Other beverages high in calories or caffeine, such as energy drinks and coffee milk, have already been banned in schools. However, critics say students can easily walk a few minutes from their schools to buy such drinks.

根據有線電視新聞網報導，南韓的學生在面臨課業壓力下，於考試期間攝取過量咖啡因的消息時有所聞。而其它高熱量或咖啡因的飲品，例如能量飲料或咖啡牛奶，早已禁止在校園販售。批評者則指出，學生從學校走幾分鐘，即可輕易買到此類的飲品。

South Korea’s domestic coffee market surpassed 10 trillion won for the first time ever last year, standing at 11.7 trillion won, or almost US$11 billion. Over 26.5 billion cups of coffee were served to South Koreans last year, with an average of 512 cups consumed per person. The figure is much higher than the average of over 100 cups yearly for each Taiwanese.

南韓國內的咖啡市場去年首度突破十兆韓元，高達十一點七兆韓元，將近一百一十億美元。韓國人去年喝掉兩百六十五億杯咖啡，每人平均就喝掉五百一十二杯！該數字比台灣人的平均一百多杯要高出許多。
Source article: http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2018/09/13/2003700293

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下個禮拜就要農曆新年啦！大家準備得如何呢？應該有不少通勤家族除了要準備返鄉、準備包紅包外，還要預備年夜飯吧？本週的《Teacher's Lounge 幕後教師室》由之前和大家分享早餐英語的克寧老師來值班！

克寧老師在本集幕後教師室的內容提到，自己對食物、烹飪的愛好可以算是家學淵源，而練習烹飪的過程，其實和學習語言有許多的共通之處。比如說面對失誤和挫敗，其實用正面的心態來看待，就能更享受在自己一點一點的進步中，而不被自己的完美主義給壓倒。而重複料理一道菜到完全掌握，也和練習發音、聽力一樣，需要透過時間累積練習，才能夠達到得心應手的程度。

最後來預告一下，下週三的《15Mins Cafe 英語咖啡館》將是克寧老師與John老師來跟大家分享過年的英語和年菜的食譜，讓通勤學英語陪你過年不打烊！

「社會人核心英語」完課榜這裡看：https://www.15mins.today/be-essentials

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Hi guys, we're back with Lydia hosting this week's 15Mins Cafe. She brought something popular and interesting this week - the MBTI personality test. The MBTI has also caught up with the e-commerce space and online retailers and financial institutions are using the tests to improve relevance in their communication with their target audience. What is your MBTI personality type? Do you know the fullname of MBTI? Send us your comments using the comment link and we'll give you a shout out in the next episode.

Hope you will enjoy this episode with us as much as we enjoyed producing it!

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國際時事跟讀 Ep.K719: Transformation Strategies: How Billion-Dollar Brands Adapt to Evolving Markets

Highlights 主題摘要：

In the ever-changing landscape of consumer preferences, iconic brands such as Coors and Jell-O are investing heavily in revamping their images to stay relevant and attract new audiences. Coors, a beloved beer brand with a rich history, is facing a new challenge as US consumers shift away from traditional beer consumption. Molson Coors, the multinational company behind Coors, has experienced a decline in volume, prompting the need for strategic changes.

在不斷變化的消費者偏好中，象徵性品牌如Coors和Jell-O等正在大舉投資以改頭換面，保持其相關性並吸引新受眾。Coors是一個歷史悠久深受喜愛的啤酒品牌，正面臨一個新挑戰，即美國消費者轉向非傳統的啤酒消費。作為Coors背後的跨國公司，Molson Coors的銷量出現下降，促使其需要進行戰略性調整。

Consumer behavior is evolving, with a growing preference for alternative beverages like hard seltzers and spirits, leading to a decline in beer sales. Molson Coors acknowledges these changing "lifestyle choices" and the overall softness in the beer industry. However, the company is strategically steering its product lineup towards burgeoning categories like whiskey and energy drinks to stay ahead in the market.

消費者行為正在演變，他們越來越偏好硬式汽水和烈酒等替代飲料，導致啤酒的銷售下降。Molson Coors公司承認這些關於“生活型態選擇”的變化以及啤酒行業的整體疲軟。然而，公司正在戰略性地將其產品陣容轉向威士忌和能量飲料這類不斷增長的類別，以保持市場領先地位。

In the broader context of a post-pandemic world, companies are eager to revitalize their brands to adapt to shifting consumer lifestyles and priorities. This wave of revitalization extends beyond the beverage industry, with companies like Bed, Bath & Beyond, JCPenney, Mattel, Zoom, and Pfizer undergoing expensive rebrands. Despite being a lengthy and costly process, successful rebrands can transform a declining business into a powerhouse or make an old brand resonate with a new generation.

在後疫情世界的廣泛前提下，企業急於振興其品牌，以適應不斷變化的消費者生活型態和優先次序。這股振興浪潮不僅僅局限於飲料行業，還包括Bed, Bath & Beyond、JCPenney、Mattel、Zoom和Pfizer等公司，都在進行昂貴的品牌重塑。儘管這是一個冗長且昂貴的過程，但一但成功的重塑品牌，就能將衰退中的銷售轉為強大的力量，或者使老品牌引起新一代的共鳴。

Rebranding, however, comes with risks. Companies must carefully balance the desire for change with preserving the essence of their brand. According to Rick Wise, CEO of Lippincott, a global creative consultancy, successful rebrands start with a strategic focus on areas where a brand is losing relevance. Visual changes, such as logos or campaigns, must align with real improvements in products or experiences to build, rather than erode, consumer trust.

然而，品牌重塑也伴隨著風險。企業必須仔細平衡對變革的渴望與保留品牌本質的需求。根據全球創意顧問公司Lippincott的執行長Rick Wise的說法，成功的品牌重塑始於戰略性地關注品牌失去相關性的領域。視覺上的變化，如標誌（Logo）或廣告活動，必須與產品或體驗的實際改進一致，以建立而不是消耗消費者的信任。

A case in point is Starbucks' controversial rebrand in 2011, where it dropped "Starbucks Coffee" from its logo. Despite initial criticism, the rebrand has been deemed a success, aligning with the company's international growth and expansion into new product categories. Similarly, Jell-O's recent redesign reflects a strategic effort to appeal to younger consumers with vibrant packaging and playful imagery.

一個例子是2011年星巴克爭議性的品牌重塑，其中將“星巴克咖啡”從其標誌中去掉。儘管最初受到批評，但其品牌重塑被認為是成功的，與公司的國際增長和擴展到新的產品類別相符。同樣，Jell-O最近的重新設計反映出一種戰略行動，以吸引年輕消費者，使用鮮豔的包裝和俏皮的圖像。

For Coors, tapping into new markets involves diversifying beyond beer, introducing whiskey and energy drink brands. The company also leverages its historical uniqueness, such as an anniversary campaign and partnerships, to stay connected with consumers. While rebrands are not guaranteed to win over consumers, strategic and thoughtful approaches can navigate companies through the challenges of changing consumer preferences and market dynamics, ensuring they remain resilient and adaptable for the next 150 years.

對於Coors來說，進入新市場不僅意味著在啤酒之外進行多元化，推出了威士忌和能量飲料品牌。該公司還利用其獨特的歷史性，例如週年慶活動和合作夥伴關係，以保持與消費者的聯繫。雖然品牌重塑不能保證贏得消費者的心，但戰略和深思熟慮的方法可以引導企業應對不斷變化的消費者偏好和市場動態的挑戰，確保它們在未來150年保持韌性和適應性。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字：

Strategically (stra-te-gi-cal-ly): However, the company is strategically steering its product lineup towards burgeoning categories like whiskey and energy drinks to stay ahead in the market.Revitalization (re-vi-tal-i-za-tion): This wave of revitalization extends beyond the beverage industry, with companies undergoing expensive rebrands.Diversifying (di-ver-si-fy-ing): For Coors, tapping into new markets involves diversifying beyond beer, introducing whiskey and energy drink brands.Uniqueness (u-nique-ness): The company also leverages its historical uniqueness, such as an anniversary campaign and partnerships, to stay connected with consumers.Anniversary (an-ni-ver-sa-ry): The company also leverages its historical uniqueness, such as an anniversary campaign and partnerships, to stay connected with consumers.

Reference article: https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20231026-the-billion-dollar-brands-spending-big-to-go-from-stale-to-chic

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Topic: In Race for Tuition-Free College, New Mexico Stakes a Claim

As universities across the United States face steep enrollment declines, New Mexico’s government is embarking on a pioneering experiment to fight that trend: tuition-free higher education for all state residents.

隨著美國各地大學入學人數急劇下滑，新墨西哥州政府正著手進行一項開創性實驗來應對這一趨勢：為全州居民提供免學費高等教育。

After President Joe Biden’s plan for universal free community college failed to gain traction in Congress, New Mexico, one of the nation’s poorest states, has emerged with perhaps the most ambitious plans as states scramble to come up with their own initiatives.

在美國總統拜登的全民免費社區大學計畫未能獲得國會支持後，美國最窮的州之一新墨西哥州提出的計畫，可能是各州爭相提出行動倡議中最具雄心的一個。

A new state law approved in a rare show of bipartisanship allocates almost 1% of the state’s budget toward covering tuition and fees at public colleges and universities, community colleges and tribal colleges. All state residents from new high school graduates to adults enrolling part-time will be eligible regardless of family income. The program is also open to immigrants regardless of their immigration status.

一項新的州法在兩黨罕見合作下通過，將州預算的1%用於支付公立大學、社區大學與部落學院的學費。所有州民，從剛畢業的高中生到參加兼職教育的成人都有資格參加，無論家庭收入。該計畫也向移民開放，無論他們的移民身分如何。

Some legislators and other critics question whether there should have been income caps and whether the state, newly flush with oil and gas revenue, can secure long-term funding to support the program beyond its first year. The legislation, which seeks to treat college as a public resource similar to primary and secondary education, takes effect in July.

一些議員和其他批評人士質疑是否應設所得限制，以及剛獲大量石油與天然氣收入的該州是否能在計畫實施第一年後，獲得長期資金支持。這項立法將於7月生效，旨在將大學視為與中小學教育類似的公共資源。

Although nearly half the states have embraced similar initiatives that seek to cover at least some tuition expenses for some students, New Mexico’s law goes further by covering tuition and fees before other scholarships and sources of financial aid are applied, enabling students to use those other funds for expenses such as lodging, food or child care.

儘管近半的州已採取類似舉措，想幫一些學生支付至少部分學費和雜費，新墨西哥州法律更進一步，在申請其他獎學金和學費補助前，先支付學雜費，讓學生能使用其他資金，支付如住宿、食物或兒童照顧等費用。

“The New Mexico program is very close to ideal,” said Michael Dannenberg, vice president of strategic initiatives and higher education policy at the nonprofit advocacy group Education Reform Now. Considering the state’s income levels and available resources, he added that New Mexico’s program is among the most generous in the country.

非營利倡議組織Education Reform Now策略倡議暨高教政策副總裁丹能貝格說：「新墨西哥的計畫非常貼近理想。」他表示，考量收入水準與可用資源，新墨西哥州的計畫是全美最慷慨的。

Dannenberg emphasized that New Mexico is going beyond what larger, more prosperous states like Washington and Tennessee have already done. Programs in other states often limit tuition assistance to community colleges, exclude some residents because of family income or impose conditions requiring students to work part time.

丹能貝格強調，新墨西哥州正超越華盛頓和田納西這些更大、更繁榮的州所做的事。其他州通常限制對社區大學的學費補助，因家庭收入排除一些州民，或要求學生兼職。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/6329103

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Topic: Colleges Slash Budgets in the Pandemic,With ‘Nothing Off-Limits’

Ohio Wesleyan University is eliminating 18 majors. The University of Florida’s trustees last month took the first steps toward letting the school furlough faculty. The University of California, Berkeley, has paused admissions to its doctoral programs in anthropology, sociology and art history.

美國俄亥俄衛斯理大學取消了18個科系。佛州大學董事會9月採取初步措施，目標是讓校方有權放教師無薪假。柏克萊加州大學則暫停招收人類學、社會學和藝術史的博士班學生。

As it resurges across the country, the coronavirus is forcing universities large and small to make deep and possibly lasting cuts to close widening budget shortfalls. By one estimate, the pandemic has cost colleges at least $120 billion, with even Harvard University, despite its $41.9 billion endowment, reporting a $10 million deficit that has prompted belt tightening.

由於全美各地新冠肺炎疫情再度惡化，美國各大學不論規模大小，都被迫大砍支出，以彌補逐漸擴大的預算缺口，刪減的支出可能長期都不會恢復。有人估計，疫情至少使美國各大學合計損失1200億美元，就連坐擁419億美元辦學基金的哈佛大學也出現1000萬美元預算赤字，被迫勒緊褲帶。

The persistence of the economic downturn is taking a devastating financial toll, pushing many to lay off or furlough employees, delay graduate admissions and even cut or consolidate core programs like liberal arts departments.

經濟持續疲軟造成極其嚴重的財務災情，迫使許多大學裁員或放無薪假，推遲研究所學生入學，甚至取消或合併文科等核心學程。

The University of South Florida announced last month that its College of Education would become a graduate school only, phasing out undergraduate education degrees to help close a $6.8 million budget gap. In Ohio, the University of Akron, citing the coronavirus, successfully invoked a clause in its collective-bargaining agreement in September to supersede tenure rules and lay off 97 unionized faculty members.

南佛州大學上個月宣布，其教育學院將只留下研究所，分階段取消大學部，以彌補680萬美元的預算缺口。在俄亥俄州，艾克朗大學以疫情為由，在9月成功援用團體協約一項條款取代任期規則，裁掉97名加入工會的教師。

“We haven’t seen a budget crisis like this in a generation,” said Robert Kelchen, a Seton Hall University associate professor of higher education who has been tracking the administrative response to the pandemic. “There’s nothing off-limits at this point.”

西東大學高等教育副教授柯爾欽一直在關注校方對疫情的反應，他說：「這是一個世代以來從未見過的預算危機，在這種關頭，沒有什麼不能碰。」

Even before the pandemic, colleges and universities were grappling with a growing financial crisis, brought on by years of shrinking state support, declining enrollment, and student concerns with skyrocketing tuition and burdensome debt. Now the coronavirus has amplified the financial trouble systemwide, though elite, well-endowed colleges seem sure to weather it with far less pain.

早在疫情爆發前，美國大專院校就為日益嚴重的財務危機而掙扎，原因是州政府補助日漸減少，學生註冊數下滑而且介意學費高漲和學貸負擔沉重，如今，疫情擴大了整個高教體系財務問題，不過，辦學基金厚實的菁英大學似乎可度過難關，且承受的痛苦會少得多。

“We have been in aggressive recession management for 12 years — probably more than 12 years,” Daniel Greenstein, chancellor of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education, told his board of governors as they voted to forge ahead with a proposal to merge a half-dozen small schools into two academic entities.

賓州高等教育體系董事會表決通過，大力推動將6個小規模學院併為兩個學術單位，當時總校長葛林斯坦對董事會說：「我們積極從事於衰退問題管理已有12年，應該還不止12年。」

Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/359091/web/

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Topic: Remember the MOOCs? After Near-Death, They’re Booming

Sandeep Gupta, a technology manager in California, sees the economic storm caused by the coronavirus as a time “to try to future-proof your working life.” So he is taking an online course in artificial intelligence.

美國加州科技業經理古普塔認為，新冠肺炎引發的經濟風暴是「防止職業生涯被未來淘汰」的時機，所以修讀了一門關於人工智慧的線上課程。

Dr. Robert Davidson, an emergency-room physician in Michigan, says the pandemic has cast “a glaring light on the shortcomings of our public health infrastructure.” So he is pursuing an online master’s degree in public health.

密西根州急診室醫師戴維森說，疫情「使我們公衛基礎設施的弱點顯而易見」，所以他在修讀線上公衛碩士學位。

Children and college students aren’t the only ones turning to online education during the coronavirus pandemic. Millions of adults have signed up for online classes in the past two months, too — a jolt that could signal a renaissance for big online learning networks that had struggled for years.

在新冠肺炎大流行期間轉而接受線上教育者，不限於兒童和大學生。過去兩個月，數以百萬計的成人也註冊參加線上課程，這令人驚訝的事實可能意味苦撐多年的大型線上學習網路即將再起。

Coursera, in which Gupta and Davidson enrolled, added 10 million new users from mid-March to mid-May, seven times the pace of new sign-ups in the previous year. Enrollments at edX and Udacity, two smaller education sites, have jumped by similar multiples.

古普塔與戴維森註冊的Coursera，從3月中旬到5月中旬增加1000萬新用戶，是去年同期新增註冊人數的七倍。edX與Udacity這兩個規模較小的教育網站，新註冊人數也以類似倍數暴增。

“Crises lead to accelerations, and this is best chance ever for online learning,” said Sebastian Thrun, a co-founder and chairman of Udacity.
Udacity共同創辦人兼董事長史朗說：「危機導致改變加速發生，這是線上學習業未曾遇過的最佳良機。」
Coursera, Udacity and edX sprang up nearly a decade ago as high-profile university experiments known as MOOCs, for massive open online courses. They were portrayed as tech-fueled insurgents destined to disrupt the antiquated ways of traditional higher education. But few people completed courses, grappling with the same challenges now facing students forced into distance learning because of the pandemic. Screen fatigue sets in, and attention strays.

Coursera、Udacity和edX近十年前出現，嘗試與大學合作推出線上課程而備受矚目，這類課程名為
「大規模開放線上課程」，簡稱「磨課師」。這種課程被描述為獲得科技支持的反叛者，意在顛覆傳統高等教育過時的授課方式。不過，很少有人能修完課程，這些人窮於應付的挑戰，與目前因為疫情被迫遠距學習的學生一樣。長時間盯著螢幕造成疲勞，而且注意力難以集中。

But the online ventures adapted through trial and error, gathering lessons that could provide a road map for school districts and universities pushed online. The instructional ingredients of success, the sites found, include short videos of six minutes or less, interspersed with interactive drills and tests; online forums where students share problems and suggestions; and online mentoring and tutoring.

不過這些線上企業透過反覆試驗來調整，並且積聚了可供被迫線上授課的學區和大學參考的知識和經驗。這些網站發現，線上授課成功的要素包括：短片時間不超過6分鐘，穿插互動練習和測驗；設立線上論壇，讓學生提出問題和建議；並提供線上指導和輔導。

A few top-tier universities, such as the University of Michigan and the Georgia Institute of Technology, offer some full degree programs through the online platforms.

有幾所頂尖大學，如密西根大學和喬治亞理工學院，透過這些線上平台提供一些正式學位學程。

While those academic programs are available, the online schools have tilted toward skills-focused courses that match student demand and hiring trends.
這些線上學校雖提供學術性學程，卻更傾向開設符合學生需要和雇用趨勢的技能課程。

The COVID-19 effect on online learning could broaden the range of popular subjects, education experts say. But so far, training for the tech economy is where the digital-learning money lies. With more of work and everyday life moving online — some of it permanently — that will probably not change.

教育專家指出，新冠肺炎可能會使線上課程熱門科目範圍變得更廣。不過到目前為止，針對科技經濟提供的訓練課程，才是數位教學業的金雞母。隨著更多的工作和日常生活轉移到線上進行，有些是永遠轉到線上，這種情況大概不會改變。
Source articles: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/354879/web/

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Do you feel chilled this week? 這週你有感覺放鬆嗎？或是你凍壞了呢？這禮拜碰到寒流，好多地方甚至下雪啦！但John老師卻覺得心中暖暖的。

上週三的《15Mins Cafe 英語咖啡館》John老師和詩詩老師帶來了 Vincent 這首梵谷之歌，節目上有提到樂高Lego的Starry Night，沒想到有好幾位通勤家族的好朋友傳訊息來告訴我們哪裡有特價，甚至最後這盒星夜就這樣出現在家裡啦！這似乎就是我們常聽說的吸引力法則，許願力！

“The Law of Attraction says that you will attract into your life whatever you focus on. Whatever you give your energy and attention to will come back to you.”
吸引力法則說，你把注意力放在哪，就會吸引什麼進入生活。你在哪付出精力，就會帶什麼回到你身邊。所以樂高公司快來找我們（趁機許願）。

本週的《Teacher's Lounge 幕後教師室》還有提到社會人核心英語12月的完課榜，針對我們的VIP訂閱會員，更提供了《社會人核心英語》有聲書課程最新一波的折扣碼，訂閱戶們別錯過email的內容喔。

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This week we have a topic requested by one of our VIP members - Yenchen. Patrick and I look back in time and talk about the sportswear we used to love in our childhood. Many of us would get acquainted with sportswear brands in our school years and these brands become a big part of our identities. Brands are not made in a day, and most of them have stories that last forever. What's the story behind Adidas and Puma? Which brand is your favorite growing up? Write your comment down using the comment link and we'll give you a shout out in the next episode.

Hope you will enjoy this episode with us as much as we enjoyed producing it!

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國際時事跟讀 Ep.K715: Mayday's Political Controversy Amidst Music Storm

Highlights 主題摘要：

Taiwanese pop-rock sensation Mayday finds itself entangled in controversy as the Chinese government launches an investigation into allegations of lip-syncing during their live performances. This move has not only stirred debates over artistic integrity but also led to accusations of political interference. Mayday's popularity in mainland China has made them a cultural bridge, but now their music is entwined with geopolitical tensions.

台灣流行搖滾天團五月天發現自己陷入爭議，因中國政府對其在現場演出中涉嫌對嘴進行調查。這個動作不僅引起了關於藝術誠信的爭論，還導致了政治干預的指控。五月天在中國大陸的受歡迎程度使其成為一座文化橋樑，但現在他們的音樂與地緣政治緊密相連。

The investigation stemmed from a vlogger's posts on the Chinese social media app Bilibili, claiming that Mayday's lead singer sounded too flawless during certain songs. The Chinese government, however, denies any political motivation, stating that Taiwanese politicians are equally seeking political favor. Mayday, in response, vehemently denied the lip-syncing allegations, challenging the authenticity of the claims that could lead to a hefty fine of 100,000 yuan.

該調查源於一名在中國社群媒體Bilibili上的創作者貼文，聲稱五月天的主唱在某些歌曲中聽起來過於完美無暇。然而，中國政府否認任何政治動機，聲稱台灣政客同樣在尋求政治利益。五月天則強烈否認了對嘴的指控，對這些可能導致高達100,000元人民幣罰款主張的真實性提出質疑。

The Taiwanese officials have retaliated, asserting that the investigation is retaliation for Mayday's refusal to publicly declare Taiwan's allegiance to Beijing. Tensions between China and Taiwan have escalated in recent years, with Mayday unintentionally becoming a pawn in the political chess game. Taiwan's claims of political manipulation are further echoed by internal security notes and anonymous intelligence officials, accusing the Chinese government of orchestrating discussions on social media to prompt the investigation.

台灣官方也發表了聲明回應，聲稱這次調查是對五月天拒絕公開宣布台灣效忠北京的報復。中國和台灣之間的緊張關係近年來升級，五月天無意中成為政治棋局中的一員。台灣有關政治操縱的指控進一步得到內部安全文件和匿名情報員的附和，指責中國政府在社群媒體上策劃輿論以推動調查。

As Mayday's fate hangs in the balance, the controversy sheds light on the complex intersection of entertainment, politics, and cross-strait relations. While the Chinese government insists on investigating alleged lip-syncing, Taiwan contends that this is a tactic to force Mayday into a political stance. As the investigation unfolds, the broader implications for artists caught between the demands of their craft and geopolitical tensions underscore the challenges faced by those navigating the delicate balance of cultural expression and political sensitivities.

隨著五月天的命運懸而未決，這場爭議揭示了娛樂、政治和兩岸關係交織的複雜交匯點。儘管中國政府堅持調查涉嫌的對嘴行為，台灣則認為這是迫使五月天表明政治立場的手段。隨著調查的推進，藝術家們在技術實力和地緣政治的緊張局勢之間徘徊，造成了更廣泛的影響，也凸顯了那些在文化表達和政治敏感性之間取得微妙平衡的人所面臨的挑戰。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字：

Geopolitical (Ge-o-po-li-ti-cal): Mayday's popularity in mainland China has made them a cultural bridge, but now their music is entwined with geopolitical tensions.Vehemently (ve-he-ment-ly): Mayday, in response, vehemently denied the lip-syncing allegations, challenging the authenticity of the claims that could lead to a hefty fine.Authenticity (au-then-tic-i-ty): Mayday, in response, vehemently denied the lip-syncing allegations, challenging the authenticity of the claims that could lead to a hefty fine.Retaliation (re-ta-li-a-tion): The Taiwanese officials have retaliated, asserting that the investigation is retaliation for Mayday's refusal to publicly declare Taiwan's allegiance to Beijing.Sensitivities (sen-si-tiv-i-ties): As the investigation unfolds, the broader implications for artists caught between the demands of their craft and geopolitical sensitivities underscore the challenges faced.

Reference article:
1. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-67645258
2. https://www.businessinsider.com/china-boyband-mayday-lip-syncing-taiwan-ccp-dpp-2023-12

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Topic: The ‘Right to Repair’ Movement Gains Ground

If you buy a product — a car, a smartphone, or even a tractor — and it breaks, should it be easier for you to fix it yourself?
如果你買了一個產品，例如一輛汽車、一部智慧型手機，甚至是一台拖拉機，結果它壞了，是不是應該讓你自己修理起來更容易些呢？

Manufacturers of a wide range of products have made it increasingly difficult over the years to repair things, for instance by limiting availability of parts or by putting prohibitions on who gets to tinker with them. It affects not only game consoles or farm equipment, but cellphones, military gear, refrigerators, automobiles and even hospital ventilators, the lifesaving devices that have proved crucial this year in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic.
多年來，許多種產品的製造商都讓維修變得愈來愈困難，比如限制零件的取得，或對何人有權動手維修施加限制。受影響的產品不止於遊戲主機或農用機具，還有手機、軍用設備、冰箱、汽車，甚至包括今年對抗新冠病毒疫情發揮關鍵作用的救生設備—醫院裡的呼吸器。

Now, a movement known as “right to repair” is starting to make progress in pushing for laws that prohibit restrictions like these.
現在，一項名為「維修權」的運動在推動禁止此類限制的立法上，正取得進展。

In August, Democrats introduced a bill in Congress to block manufacturers’ limits on medical devices, spurred by the pandemic. In Europe, the European Commission announced plans in March for new right-to-repair rules that would cover phones, tablets and laptops by 2021.

今年8月，美國民主黨因防疫需要而在國會提出一項法案，旨在阻止製造商對醫療裝置設下限制。在歐洲，歐盟執行委員會3月宣布了新的維修權規定計畫，在2021年以前實施，涵蓋手機、平板電腦和筆記型電腦。

And in more than 20 statehouses nationwide, right-to-repair legislation has been introduced in recent years by both Republicans and Democrats.
近年來，在全美國20多個州的議會裡，共和黨和民主黨都提出了維修權法案。

Over the summer, the House advanced a funding bill that includes a requirement that the Federal Trade Commission complete a report on anti-competitive practices in the repair market and present its findings to Congress and the public.
今年夏天，眾議院推動了一項資助法案，其中責成聯邦貿易委員會做成一份關於維修市場反競爭行為的報告，並向國會和民眾提交調查結果。

The goal of right-to-repair rules, advocates say, is to require companies to make their parts, tools and information available to consumers and repair shops in order to keep devices from ending up in the scrap heap. They argue that the rules restrict people’s use of devices that they own and encourage a throwaway culture by making repairs too difficult.
倡議人士表示，維修權規定的目的是要求企業向消費者和維修商家提供零組件、工具及資訊，以免這些裝置最終被扔進垃圾堆。他們主張，目前的慣例對人們使用自己的裝置設下限制，並透過讓維修變得太過困難的方式，助長了一種用完即丟的文化。

They also argue that it’s part of a culture of planned obsolescence — the idea that products are designed to be short-lived in order to encourage people to buy more stuff. That contributes to wasted natural resources and energy use at a time when climate change requires movement in the opposite direction to rein in planet-warming emissions.
他們還認為，這是一種計畫性淘汰文化的一部分，即為了鼓勵人們購買更多東西，產品被設計成短命的。在氣候變遷需要採取反向行動來控制溫室氣體排放的此際，這助長了自然資源的浪費以及能源的使用。

Manufacturing a new device or appliance is still largely reliant on polluting sources of energy — electricity generated from burning fossil fuels, for instance — and constitutes the largest environmental impact for most products.
製造一種新設備或裝置在很大程度上，仍仰賴會造成汙染的能源，例如燃燒化石燃料產生的電力，對大多數產品而言，這正是構成最大環境影響的因素。

Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5015841

Next Article

Topic: UK gamers and politicians take aim at console ’scalpers’

Furious British gamers and lawmakers are training their sights on "scalpers" who are buying up coveted PS5 and Xbox consoles and selling them online at vastly inflated prices.
氣沖沖的英國玩家和議員將焦點指向「黃牛」，這些黃牛買光搶手的PS5、Xbox電玩主機，然後在網路上以大幅灌水的價格出售。

The popular consoles have also been hard to come by in other parts of the world, but in Britain anger has boiled over to the point where some lawmakers want to ban the practice of reselling them online at higher prices.
這些熱門電玩主機在世界其他地方也一機難求，但是在英國掀起的怒火已沸騰，一些議員為此打算禁止網路高價轉售的作法。

While a PS5 normally costs between £360 and £450 depending on the model, its median resale price on sites like eBay is £650-£750, according to US researcher Michael Driscoll.
根據美國研究員麥可．德里斯考的說法，通常一部PS5依版本差異，售價在360英鎊到450英鎊之間，但在諸如「電子海灣」的網站上轉售價中位數為650到750英鎊不等。

Next Article

Topic: Singaporean student plays Pokemon on ingenious ‘Melonboy’

想像你搭捷運時突然有個年輕男子拿著一顆鑲有小螢幕的西瓜淡定的坐到你旁邊，開始認真的玩。
Imagine that you are on the MRT and a young man sitting next to you is playing video games on a watermelon-like console.

近期，就有新加坡民眾在捷運上目睹這奇葩的一幕。一位星國少年自製了一台「西瓜Game Boy」，上面不僅有螢幕和實體的按鈕，裡面還裝載了近期最流行的寶可夢遊戲軟體。
That’s the unusual sight some people recently experienced in Singapore when a teenager was seen playing “Pokemon Go” on a self-built console made of a watermelon, a screen and some buttons.

就讀新加坡管理大學的Cedrick Tan，近日在YouTube上分享了自製的水果寶可夢GameBoy，揭露製作過程和最後實驗結果。
Cedrick Tan, a student from the Singapore Management University, has been tinkering with the project on YouTube which has led to him building his own version of Pokemon Emerald inside a fruit.

一向天馬行空的他其實已經有無數的作品，包括將一個地圖放進虛擬實境和利用微軟Excel發送訊息至通訊軟體Telegram。如今他又再次突破自己，將遊戲機成功的裝進蔬果內。
An avid creator, Tan’s long list of projects include turning a map into a blank canvas for augmented reality, finding a way to send messages to Telegram using Microsoft Excel, and building a playable Game Boy Advance inside a melon.

當被問起做這個作品的過程時，Cedrick表示其實非常簡單，因為西瓜內部空間非常足夠，電路的連接也非常方便。
When asked about his project, Tan said: “When it came down to actually making the Melonboy, it happened to be really convenient seeing as the melon was very spacious on the inside allowing me to wire everything up with ease.”

遊戲機目前可以成功的開啟，使用的軟體也和原版相符，而挖空的西瓜塞進了一個電池、數個實體按鍵、一個1.8寸的螢幕和小喇叭音響。
The Game Boy emulator can then be loaded and run with the same software as the original game. Inside the scooped-out melon, a power bank, buttons, a 1.8-inch screen, loudspeakers are assembled.

Cedrick表示，因為買到瑕疵零件，導致製作過程延宕，西瓜GamBoy花了他將近一個月才完成。若沒有遇到這些問題的話，大概一週以內就能完成，他自信滿滿地說。
According to Tan, the construction took about a month; though he blamed the time-length on a faulty device integral to the game boy. Without the problem, the watermelon-based console could have been finished in less than a week, he said.

「身為一個資管系的學生，我對於電機其實一知半解，所以一切從零開始學，花了一點時間。」Cedrick 說。然而，他對於自己的成果表示滿意，成功的製作出一個有著完整介面的「攜帶式」遊戲機。
“As an information systems student, I have no background in electrical engineering, so learning that from scratch took some time,” Tan recalled. The result is a working game console, complete with a Game Boy Advance emulator and a game controller.

吸睛的西瓜GameBoy影片獲得廣大民眾迴響，這大概也是Cedrick最大的收穫。
But the best thing about Tan’s video is the public’s reaction to the watermelon game boy.

Cedrick也實驗過將西瓜帶去賣場玩，捕捉到許多人好奇的眼光。
On a visit to the market, he played the game console surrounded by real watermelons, which provoked weird looks from passers-by.

Cedrick憶起他曾帶著西瓜進火車站，當時還被站務員攔截，詢問他手上的大西瓜是怎麼回事。
Tan also recalled being quizzed about the device when he brought it into a train station.

一位緊張的員工甚至跑到他身邊詢問奇形怪狀的西瓜用途，聽完他的解釋後，員工還非常興奮地將他拉回辦公室要他將作品展現給其他同事看。
A distressed SMRT staff asked him about the strange device, and after hearing his explanation, requested him to show it to her colleagues.

此外，Cedrick坦言他曾經被誤認為西瓜炸彈客，而他從沒想過帶著西瓜會碰上這樣的麻煩。
In addition, Tan said he also experienced another unforeseen problem where someone complained that he was carrying a watermelon bomb.

Cedrick也將自己的作品分享到美版PTT Reddit上面，不僅獲得外國網友的讚賞，還有許多人鼓勵他之後利用酪梨和椰子製作遊戲機。
Tan also posted on Reddit about his clumsy contraption, where he received plenty of praise, inspiring him to build different versions in the future, including avocados and coconuts.

不幸地，Cedrick透露，影片上傳YouTube後過了幾天，西瓜就爛掉了。
Unfortunately, Tan revealed that the watermelon had rotted just a few days after his YouTube video was uploaded.

然而，Cedrick表示將會繼續創作，未來也規劃以榴槤製作遊戲，將其命名為「臭Boy痛苦遊戲」。
However, Tan vowed to continue making his creations and could take on the challenge of turning the durian into a game that could be called StinkyBoy’s Pain Game.
Source article: https://chinapost.nownews.com/20200827-1697494

HP Elite Dragonfly 頂級商務筆電，專業設計，頂尖安全！1kg 輕盈機身搭配13.5吋 3:2 螢幕視野，搭配先進的 AI 降噪功能，不限時空從容應對線上會議，工作更有效率！

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本週的《Teacher's Lounge 幕後教師室》要跟大家分享「如何選擇適合自己的練習文章」！

一直以來John老師不時的會收到一些通勤家族成員來信，說因為跟讀的內容太難了，感覺很挫敗。這種時候我們只要掌握三個選文章的訣竅，就可以重新燃起你的動力啦！

首先第一個是關聯性，在選擇練習文章的時候，我們建議可以優先考慮與你的專業強相關的文章，這樣一來不僅是你熟悉的領域，而且還可以順便學習新知或複習已掌握的知識。

第二點是興趣，在與自己關聯性較低的文章中，我們推薦你挑選自己有興趣的主題來做練習，藉由你本身對該主題的動力，讓你在練習英文的時候事半功倍。

第三點是延伸閱讀，你可以自由探索不屬於上面兩點的主題，來增加自己未知的知識，或是透過我們每一篇文章底下的參考文章前往原文做深入研究🧐

《通勤學英語》每天更新的目的絕對不是要逼大家每天都要把錄音檔學習完畢，逼得大家壓力很大。相反的，我們是希望透過多元、廣泛的練習主題，讓大家都能從中找到與自己相關，或者是有興趣熱情的文章！當然，如果你有想聽的主題，也可以透過VIP專屬回饋表單或是ask15mins@gmail.com信箱告訴我們喔！

PS：本集內容也有部落格文章同步刊登於官網：https://www.15mins.today/blog/how-to-select-english-practice-topics

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*明天的成功，John老師今天幫你備好！
即日起到2/17止，VIP會員獨享優惠「社會人核心英語課程」啟動！老師想讓VIP會員在新的一年，能讓工作職涯都能更上一層樓！
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想要這集的VIP學習筆記 (內含主題討論逐字稿、常用慣用語片語及同義字、聽力小測驗)？
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Song and lyrics: https://youtu.be/oxHnRfhDmrk?feature=shared

Hello 15Mins fam! This week we are sitting down with Shimin to go over one of her favorite songs by Don Mclean. This song is from the album "American Pie" and has accompanied us for ages! I am sure you've heard of it before. Do you remember where you've heard it? Write your comment down using the comment link and we'll give you a shout out in the next episode.

Hope you will enjoy this episode with us as much as we enjoyed producing it!

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國際時事跟讀 Ep.K711: Safeguarding Older Family Members: Navigating Scam Conversations

Highlights 主題摘要：

Scams targeting older adults are on the rise, with devastating consequences. As exemplified by Daniel Goldstein's mother, who fell victim to an email scam, it is crucial to address this issue. In 2022, scams led to a staggering $8.8 billion in losses, with older adults being the primary targets, according to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). Navigating conversations about scams with older family members can be challenging, but it is essential to protect them. Experts recommend a multigenerational approach, emphasizing empathy, awareness of common scams, continuous conversations, and a supportive plan in case of encountering scammers.

針對年長者的詐騙案件日益增加，並造成了破壞性的後果。丹尼爾·戈德斯坦（Daniel Goldstein）的母親就是電子郵件詐騙的受害者，因此解決這個問題至關重要。據聯邦貿易委員會（FTC）表示，在2022年，詐騙案件導致高達88億美元的損失，並以家中長輩做為主要目標。與家中老年人談論詐騙可能具有挑戰性，但保護他們是至關重要的。專家建議以多代同堂的方式，強調同理、對常見詐騙的認識、持續對話，以及在遇到詐騙者時的支持計劃。

Understanding the prevalent scams that target older individuals is the first step in prevention. Scams like the "grandparent" scam, where impersonators request money over the phone, and romance scams, which exploit online connections, are particularly common. Recognizing these tactics enables families to be proactive in protecting their older members. Investment scams, tech support scams, and impersonation scams are also prevalent, and resources like the FTC's website provide additional information.

了解針對年長者的常見騙局是預防的第一步。像“祖父母”詐騙這樣的詐騙手法，詐騙者通過電話索取金錢，以及利用網路聯繫的浪漫騙局尤其普遍。認識這些手法使家庭能夠主動保護其年長家人。投資詐騙、技術支持詐騙和身份冒充詐騙也很普遍，聯邦貿易委員會的網站等資源提供了更多信息。

To raise awareness, families should engage in regular discussions about scams, making it a common topic in day-to-day conversations. Encouraging constant communication helps older family members stay vigilant. Genevieve Waterman from the National Council on Aging suggests incorporating younger family members into these discussions, emphasizing that scams can target individuals of any age. Highlighting the urgency that scammers create is crucial during these conversations, as it can make individuals more susceptible to falling for deceptive schemes.

為了提高警覺，家人應定期討論詐騙，使其成為日常對話的常見主題。鼓勵持續溝通有助於年長家人保持警惕。美國全國老齡化委員會的吉納維夫·沃特曼（Genevieve Waterman）建議讓年輕家庭成員參與這些討論，強調詐騙可能以任何年齡為目標。在這些對話中，強調詐騙者制造的緊急感至關重要，因為這會使人更容易上當受騙。

Approaching scam discussions with an informative rather than authoritative tone is vital. Instead of imposing ideas, present information and encourage open dialogue. By involving older family members in the conversation, recognizing their expertise in various life topics, and stressing the collective responsibility to stay vigilant, families can foster a more receptive environment. The National Council on Aging's website offers guides to help older adults avoid scams.

以提供資訊而不以權威的語氣來討論詐騙十分重要。與其把想法強加於人，不如提供信息並鼓勵公開對話。通過將年長家人納入對話，承認他們在各種生活話題上的專業知識，並強調保持警惕的共同責任，家庭可以培養一種更包容接納的環境。美國全國老齡化委員會的網站提供了幫助年長者避免詐騙的指南。

In the unfortunate event that a family member falls victim to a scam, empathy is paramount. Blaming the victim is counterproductive, and it is essential to view scams as crimes perpetrated by organized groups with considerable resources. This perspective encourages understanding and support for those who have experienced financial losses.

如果家庭成員不幸成為詐騙的受害者，同理十分重要。指責受害者只會適得其反，必須將詐騙視為由有大量資源的有組織團體實施的犯罪。這種觀點有助於理解和支持那些遭受經濟損失的人。

Additionally, families should devise a plan for potential scam encounters. Establishing communication protocols, like Goldstein had with his mother, ensures quick intervention. Recognizing that older adults may struggle with digital literacy, resources like the AARP's Fraud Watch Network Helpline can provide guidance and emotional support.

此外，家庭應為潛在的詐騙事件制定計劃。建立像戈德斯坦與其母親一樣的通訊協議，以確保能夠快速介入。認識到年長者可能在數位素養方面遇到困難，美國退休者協會的詐騙監察網路熱線這樣的資源可以提供指導和情感支持。

Lastly, knowing how to report a scam is crucial. The FTC's website offers a platform for reporting scams, allowing individuals and families to contribute to the collective effort in combating fraudulent activities. By combining awareness, communication, empathy, and proactive planning, families can effectively safeguard their older members from falling prey to scams.

最後，知道如何舉報詐騙也很重要。聯邦貿易委員會的網站提供了一個舉報詐騙的平台，讓個人和家庭能夠為打擊詐騙活動做出貢獻。透過結合警覺心、溝通、同理和積極規劃，家庭可以有效的保護其年長家人，防止他們成為騙局的犧牲品。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字：

Devastating (de-vas-ta-ting): Scams targeting older adults are on the rise, with devastating consequences.Multigenerational (mul-ti-gen-er-a-tion-al): Experts recommend a multigenerational approach, emphasizing empathy, awareness of common scams, continuous conversations, and a supportive plan.Impersonators (im-per-son-a-tors): Scams like the "grandparent" scam, where impersonators request money over the phone, and romance scams, which exploit online connections, are particularly common.Susceptible (sus-cep-ti-ble): Highlighting the urgency that scammers create is crucial during these conversations, as it can make individuals more susceptible to falling for deceptive schemes.Authoritative (au-thor-i-ta-tive): Approaching scam discussions with an informative rather than authoritative tone is vital.

Reference article: https://apnews.com/article/scams-banking-romance-grandparents-investment-b1db3fcc863f1352b9f559b86c7be376

HP Elite Dragonfly 頂級商務筆電，專業設計，頂尖安全！1kg 輕盈機身搭配13.5吋 3:2 螢幕視野，搭配先進的 AI 降噪功能，不限時空從容應對線上會議，工作更有效率！

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Topic: About space - NASA and Tide team up to do laundry in space

Tide is going to outer space. The Procter & Gamble brand is partnering with NASA to keep astronauts’ spacesuits fresh, even on Mars.
汰漬正在前往外太空。這個寶鹼公司的品牌正與美國航太總署合作，維持太空人太空服的乾淨，即便是在火星。

Company and NASA scientists have created a fully degradable detergent that will clean clothes without wasting water.
該公司與NASA科學家已經創造一款完全可自然分解的洗滌劑，不用浪費水就能潔淨衣物。

Over the next decade, they’ll be testing fabric care products, including Tide pens and wipes, at the International Space Station and on missions to the moon and Mars.
在未來10年中，他們將在國際太空站與登月、登火星的任務中，測試織物照護產品，包括汰漬的筆與濕紙巾。

The months or even years that astronauts spend away from Earth means that their spacesuits and clothes can become smelly and stained. Clothes have to be reworn several times before they are ejected with other waste into the atmosphere or sent back to Earth as trash. A crew member will receive 160 pounds of clothes per year through resupply shipments.
太空人離開地球數月，甚至數年的時間，意味著他們的太空服與衣物會變臭且染色。這些衣物與其他廢物被拋入大氣層或當成垃圾送回地球前，必須重複穿著許多次。1名組員每年將透過補給，拿到160磅重的衣物。

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Topic: Russia wants to return to Venus, build reusable rocket 俄羅斯希望重返金星，打造可重複使用的火箭

The head of Russia’s space agency said Friday that Roscosmos wants to return to Venus and bring back soil samples and build spacecraft that will surpass Elon Musk’s rockets.
俄羅斯太空機構負責人週五說，俄羅斯航太太空活動國有公司（Roscosmos）想重返金星 ，帶回土壤樣本，並打造超越（太空探索科技公司）創辦人穆斯克的火箭的太空船。

"We are making a methane rocket to replace the Soyuz-2," Roscosmos chief Dmitry Rogozin said in an interview with state news agency RIA Novosti.
「我們正在打造一種甲烷火箭取代聯合2號火箭（Soyuz-2）」，俄羅斯航太總裁羅戈辛在接受國營「俄羅斯新聞社」訪問時說。

He said it will be a reusable space complex, noting that it will be possible to use its first stage at least 100 times.
他說，新火箭將是可以重複使用的太空綜合體，並強調第一節將有望重複使用至少100次。

"Of course we are looking at what our American colleagues are doing," said Rogozin. "But our engineers are trying to take a shortcut － not to repeat what our SpaceX colleagues are doing but surpass them."
「我們當然有在關注美國同業的進展」，羅戈辛說。「但我們的工程師正試圖抄近路—不是重複SpaceX在做的事，而是超越他們。」Source article:

https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1457274; https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/world/paper/1395146

Next Article

Topic: Why Tom Hanks turned down Jeff Bezos’ offer to go to space

Jeff Bezos offered Tom Hanks a ride to space on his Blue Origin rocket, but it came at a price.
（亞馬遜創辦人）傑夫‧貝佐斯曾邀請（好萊塢男星）湯姆‧漢克搭乘他的「藍源」火箭上太空，但要付出代價。

The actor confirmed that Bezos had asked him during an appearance on "Jimmy Kimmel Live!" on Tuesday, saying if he accepted the offer he was expected to pay.
這名男星週二現身（電視節目）「吉米金默現場秀」時證實，貝佐斯曾邀約他（上太空），並說若他接受（邀約），應該要付錢。

"Well yeah, provided I pay," Hanks said. "It costs like $28 million or something like that. And I’m doing good, Jimmy — I’m doing good — but I ain’t paying $28 million. You know what, we could simulate the experience of going to space right now."
「是啊，若我付錢（就能上太空），」漢克說。「大概要2800萬美元左右。我算是事業有成，吉米—我混得還不錯—但我才不要付2800萬。你知道嗎，我們現在就可以模擬上太空的經驗。」

Hanks, who appeared to promote his new movie "Finch," mimicked shaking in a rocket while in his chair, saying, "I don’t need to spend 28 million bucks to do that."
上節目宣傳新片「芬奇的旅程」的漢克（語畢）便在椅子上模仿搭火箭（上太空時）身體抖動的模樣，並說「我才不要花2800萬來做這種事。」

Next Article

William Shatner says Prince William is ’missing the point’ of space tourism 威廉沙特納說 威廉王子沒搞懂太空旅行的真諦

William Shatner is firing a rhetorical rocket back at Prince William after the future king criticized space tourism.
在（英國）威廉王子出言批評太空觀光後，（男星）威廉‧沙特納反唇相譏，還擊這位未來國王。

Shatner, who blasted into space on one of Amazon founder Jeff Bezos’ rockets, said the British royal has "got the wrong idea" by saying that solving problems on Earth should be prioritized over tourist trips to space.
搭乘亞馬遜創辦人傑夫‧貝佐斯的一艘火箭上太空的沙特納說，宣稱解決地球上的問題應優先於太空旅行的這位英國王室成員，「搞錯了」。

The 90-year-old "Star Trek" actor said that a power generating base could be constructed 250 miles above the Earth and used to supply homes and businesses below. "The prince is missing the point," he added.
這位90歲「星際爭霸戰」男演員說，距離地表250英里的上空可以蓋一座發電基地，用來供應地面住家與建築（所需）。「王子沒搞懂（太空旅行的真諦），」他補充道。

Without mentioning names, William criticized billionaires focused on space tourism in an interview Thursday with the BBC, saying they should invest more time and money in saving Earth.
威廉週四接受英國廣播公司訪問時，在未指名道姓的情況下批評億萬富豪聚焦太空觀光的現象，指稱富豪們應將更多時間與金錢投資於拯救地球。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1498987 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1499857

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Topic: Ex-official: Space station ‘largely isolated’ from tensions

Tensions in eastern Ukraine and heightened Western fears of a Russian invasion should not have a significant impact on the International Space Station or US-Russia cooperation in space, the former head of the National Space Council told The Associated Press.
烏克蘭東部的緊張局勢以及西方對俄羅斯入侵的擔憂加劇，不應該對國際空間站或美俄太空合作產生重大影響，國家太空委員會前負責人告訴美聯社。

That was before Russia launched an invasion of Ukraine on Thursday last week, however.
然而，那是在俄羅斯上週四入侵烏克蘭之前。

Four NASA astronauts, two Russian cosmonauts and one European astronaut are currently on the space station.
四名NASA宇航員，兩名俄羅斯宇航員和一名歐洲宇航員目前正在空間站上。

Scott Pace, who served as executive secretary of the space council under US President Donald Trump and is now the director of the Space Policy Institute at George Washington University, said the space station “has been largely isolated” from political events.
斯科特·佩斯（Scott Pace）曾擔任美國總統唐納德·特朗普太空委員會執行秘書，現在是喬治華盛頓大學空間政策研究所所長，他說，空間站"在很大程度上與政治事件隔離"。

“It’s possible to imagine a break with Russia that would endanger the space station, but that would be at the level of a dropping diplomatic relations,” said Pace. “That would be something that would be an utterly last resort so I don’t really see that happening unless there is a wider military confrontation.” The space station, an international partnership of five space agencies from 15 countries, including Canada, several countries in Europe, Japan, Russia and the United States, launched in 1998 and morphed into a complex that’s almost as long as a football field, with 13km of electrical wiring, an acre of solar panels and three high-tech labs.
"可以想象與俄羅斯的決裂會危及空間站，但那將是外交關係下降的水準，"佩斯說。"這將是完全最後的手段，所以除非有更廣泛的軍事對抗，否則我真的不會看到這種情況發生。該空間站由來自15個國家的五個航太機構組成，包括加拿大，歐洲的幾個國家，日本，俄羅斯和美國，於1998年發射，並演變成一個幾乎與足球場一樣長的綜合體，擁有13公里的電線，一英畝的太陽能電池板和三個高科技實驗室。

It marked two decades of people continuously living and working in orbit in 2020.
它標誌著2020年人們在軌道上持續生活和工作的二十年。

The first crew — American Bill Shepherd and Russians Sergei Krikalev and Yuri Gidzenko — blasted off from Kazakhstan on Oct. 31, 2000.
第一批船員——美國人比爾·謝潑德（Bill Shepherd）和俄羅斯人謝爾蓋·克里卡列夫（Sergei Krikalev）和尤里·吉岑科（Yuri Gidzenko）——於2000年10月31日從哈薩克起飛。

The three astronauts got along fine but tension sometimes bubbled up with the two mission controls, in Houston and outside Moscow.
三名宇航員相處得很好，但有時在休士頓和莫斯科郊外的兩個任務控制中心會引發緊張局勢。

Russia kept station crews coming and going after NASA’s Columbia disaster in 2003 and after the space shuttles retired in 2011.
俄羅斯在2003年美國宇航局的哥倫比亞號災難和2011年航太飛機退役后，讓空間站的工作人員來來去去。

There have been concerns raised in US Congress about the impact that conflict over Ukraine could have on the International Space Station.
美國國會一直擔心烏克蘭衝突可能對國際空間站產生的影響。

Lawmakers have specifically exempted space cooperation from previous sanctions and can be expected to make similar arguments against targeting it as the administration considers its next steps over Ukraine.
立法者已經明確將太空合作從以前的制裁中豁免，並且可以預期，隨著政府考慮其對烏克蘭的下一步行動，將提出類似的論點反對針對太空合作。Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2022/03/01/2003773937

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Reference article: https://www.thetravel.com/rude-north-america-normal-other/

Hi 15Mins fam! Angel is back in town and this week we're going to talk about etiquette differences between the West and the East. In Taiwan some general manners are tolerated, but not in western countries. What do you think they are? Have you had any etiquette conflict with others? Write your comment down using the comment link and we'll give you a shout out in the next episode.

Hope you will enjoy this episode with us as much as we enjoyed producing it!

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國際時事跟讀 Ep.K707: Vegan vs. Omnivore: A Twin Study Reveals Surprising Health Differences

Highlights 主題摘要：

In a groundbreaking study, researchers examined the impact of a vegan diet on genetically identical twins and discovered remarkable differences in health outcomes. The study, conducted by Christopher Gardner, a research professor of medicine at the Stanford Prevention Research Center, compared twins who followed a vegan diet for eight weeks with those adhering to an omnivore diet of meat and vegetables.

在一項開創性的研究中，研究人員探討了純素飲食對基因相同的雙胞胎的影響，發現了在健康結果方面的顯著差異。這項研究由史丹佛預防研究中心的醫學研究教授克里斯多福·加德納（Christopher Gardner）主持，研究人員針對採用純素飲食和以肉類和蔬菜為主的雜食的雙胞胎進行比較。

The vegan group experienced a notable 10% to 15% reduction in "bad" LDL cholesterol, a 25% decrease in insulin levels, and a 3% weight loss within the short duration of the study. Gardner emphasized that these improvements were achieved solely through consuming real food without any animal products, highlighting the potential health benefits of a plant-based diet.

在短暫的研究期內，純素組經歷了明顯的「壞」低密度脂蛋白（LDL）膽固醇降低10%至15%，胰島素水平降低25%，體重減輕了3%。加德納強調，這些改善僅通過食用不含任何動物產品的真實食物實現，突顯了植物性飲食的潛在健康益處。

A vegan diet, distinct from a vegetarian one, excludes not only animal flesh but also dairy, eggs, and other animal-derived ingredients. Gardner explained that a plant-based diet tends to be higher in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients compared to other dietary patterns.

與素食不同，純素飲食不僅不食用動物肉，也不用乳製品、雞蛋和其他動物衍生原料。加德納解釋說，植物性飲食往往在纖維、維生素、礦物質和植物營養素方面比其他飲食模式更高。

The study, involving 22 pairs of genetically identical twins, aimed to control genetic and environmental factors by using the unique twin design. Although the findings may not be universally applicable, the results underscore the potential advantages of a diet rich in unsaturated fats, whole grains, fiber, and vegetables, as endorsed by current dietary guidelines to reduce cardiovascular disease risk.

這項研究共有22對基因相同的雙胞胎參與，目標通過獨特的雙胞胎設計來控制基因和環境因素。儘管研究的發現可能並不普遍適用，但結果強調了富含不飽和脂肪、全穀物、纖維和蔬菜飲食的潛在優勢，這也符合目前飲食指南所認可的減少心血管疾病風險的方法。

During the study, meals were provided to each twin for the first four weeks, emphasizing the importance of healthy vegan choices. Both groups experienced dietary improvements, with the omnivore group consuming more vegetables, whole grains, and fewer added sugars and refined grains. The subsequent four weeks required the twins to prepare their own diet-appropriate meals, leading to sustained positive changes in biological markers.

在研究期間，前四周為每對雙胞胎提供餐點，強調選擇健康素食的重要性。兩組人都經歷了飲食改善，雜食組攝取了更多的蔬菜、全穀物，減少了添加糖和精製穀物。接下來的四周要求雙胞胎準備適合自己飲食的餐點，從而對生理指標產生持續的正向改變。

While the vegan diet demonstrated quick health improvements, Gardner acknowledged the challenges of adherence due to its restrictive nature. However, he emphasized that individuals don't need to fully adopt a vegan lifestyle to benefit from healthier eating habits. Gradual reductions in meat and animal byproduct consumption can still yield positive health outcomes.

雖然純素飲食能快速的改善健康，但加德納也承認，由於其限制，堅持純素有挑戰性。然而，他強調個人無需完全採用純素生活方式，就能從更健康的飲食習慣中受益。逐步減少肉類和動物副產品的攝取量，也能夠產生正面的健康效果。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字：

Genetically (ge-net-i-cal-ly): In a groundbreaking study, researchers examined the impact of a vegan diet on genetically identical twins and discovered remarkable differences in health outcomes.Vegetarian (veg-e-tar-i-an): A vegan diet, distinct from a vegetarian one, excludes not only animal flesh but also dairy, eggs, and other animal-derived ingredients.Phytonutrients (Phy-to-nu-tri-ents): Gardner explained that a plant-based diet tends to be higher in fiber, vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients compared to other dietary patterns.Unsaturate (un-sat-u-rate): "The results underscore the potential advantages of a diet rich in unsaturated fats, whole grains, fiber, and vegetables."Cardiovascular (car-di-o-vas-cu-lar): Although the findings may not be universally applicable, the results underscore the potential advantages of a diet rich in unsaturated fats, whole grains, fiber, and vegetables, as endorsed by current dietary guidelines to reduce cardiovascular disease risk.

Reference article: https://edition.cnn.com/2023/11/30/health/vegan-twin-study-wellness/index.html

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Topic: 對現狀不滿拉美從傾右變傾左 Leftists Replacing Right-Wing Leaders Across Latin America

In the final weeks of 2021, Chile and Honduras voted decisively for leftist presidents to replace leaders on the right, extending a significant, multiyear shift across Latin America.

在2021年的最後幾周，智利和宏都拉斯果斷地投票支援 左翼總統取代右翼領導人，延續 了整個拉丁美洲長達數年的重大轉變。

This year, leftist politicians are the favorites to win presidential elections in Colombia and Brazil, taking over from right-wing incumbents, which would put the left and center-left in power in the six largest economies in the region, stretching from Tijuana to Tierra del Fuego.

今年，左翼政客是贏得哥倫比亞和巴西總統選舉的最愛，他們接替了右翼現任者，這將使左翼和中左翼在該地區從蒂華納到火地島的六大經濟體中掌權。

Economic suffering, widening inequality, fervent anti-incumbent sentiment and mismanagement of COVID-19 have all fueled a pendulum swing away from the center-right and right-wing leaders who were dominant a few years ago.

經濟困境、不斷擴大的不平等、狂熱的反現任情緒以及對COVID-19的管理不善，都助長了幾年前佔主導地位的中右翼和右翼領導人的鐘擺擺動。

The left has promised more equitable distribution of wealth, better public services and vastly expanded social safety nets. But the region’s new leaders face serious economic constraints and legislative opposition that could restrict their ambitions — and restive voters who have been willing to punish whoever fails to deliver.

左翼承諾更公平地分配財富，提供更好的公共服務，並大大擴展社會安全網。但該地區的新領導人面臨著嚴重的經濟限制和立法反對，這可能會限制他們的野心-以及願意懲罰任何未能兌現承諾的人的不安分選民。

The left’s gains could buoy China and undermine the United States as they compete for regional influence, analysts say, with a new crop of Latin American leaders who are desperate for economic development and more open to Beijing’s global strategy of offering loans and infrastructure investment. The change could also make it harder for the United States to continue isolating authoritarian leftist regimes in Venezuela, Nicaragua and Cuba.

分析人士說，左翼的收益可能會提振中國，削弱美國，因為他們在爭奪地區影響力時，新一批拉丁美洲領導人迫切希望經濟發展，並對北京的全球戰略持更開放的態度， 提供貸款和 基礎設施投資。這一變化還可能使美國更難繼續孤立委內瑞拉、尼加拉瓜和古巴的獨裁左翼政權。

With rising inflation and stagnant economies, Latin America’s new leaders will find it hard to deliver real change on profound problems, said Pedro Mendes Loureiro, a professor of Latin American studies at the University of Cambridge. To some extent, he said, voters are “electing the left simply because it is the opposition at the moment.”

隨著通貨膨脹率上升和經濟停滯，拉丁美洲的新領導人將發現很難在深刻的問題上實現真正的變革，劍橋大學拉丁美洲研究教授佩德羅·門德斯·洛雷羅（Pedro Mendes Loureiro）說。他說，在某種程度上，選民正在"選舉左翼，僅僅是因為它目前是反對派。"

Unlike the early 2000s, when leftists won critical presidencies in Latin America, the new officeholders are saddled by debt, lean budgets, scant access to credit and, in many cases, vociferous opposition.

與2000年代初不同，當時左翼分子在拉丁美洲贏得了關鍵的總統職位 ，而新的官員則背負著債務，預算緊張， 信貸匱乏以及在許多情況下大聲反對的負擔。

Eric Hershberg, director of the Center for Latin American and Latino Studies at American University, said the left’s winning streak is born out of widespread indignation.

美國大學拉丁美洲和拉丁裔研究中心主任埃裡克·赫什伯格（Eric Hershberg ）表示，左翼的連勝源於 廣泛的憤怒。

“This is really about lower-middle-class and working-class sectors saying, ‘Thirty years into democracy, and we still have to ride a decrepit bus for two hours to get to a bad health clinic,’”Hershberg said.

"這實際上是關於中下層階層和工人階層部門說，'民主三十年後，我們仍然必須乘坐破舊的公共汽車兩個小時才能到達一個糟糕的健康診所，'"赫什伯格說。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/6092284

Next Article

Topic : Venezuela, Once an Oil Giant, Reaches the End of an Era

For the first time in a century, there are no rigs searching for oil in Venezuela.

百年來，委內瑞拉首次沒有鑽油平台在鑽探石油。
Wells that once tapped the world’s largest crude reserves are abandoned or left to flare toxic gases that cast an orange glow over depressed oil towns.

曾自全球最大原油礦藏採油的油井，不是廢棄，就是任由洩漏的毒性氣體逕自燃燒，使附近蕭條的石油城鎮蒙上一層橘光。
Refineries that once processed oil for export are rusting hulks, leaking crude that blackens shorelines and coats the water in an oily sheen.

先前把石油加工出口的煉油廠成了生鏽的殘骸，洩漏的原油染黑了海岸線，並在海面形成一層油光。
Fuel shortages have brought the country to a standstill. At gas stations, lines go on for miles.

燃料短缺使這個國家陷入癱瘓。在加油站，排隊加油的車輛綿延數哩。
Venezuela’s colossal oil sector, which shaped the country and the international energy market for a century, has come to a near halt, with production reduced to a trickle by years of gross mismanagement and U.S. sanctions. The collapse is leaving behind a destroyed economy and a devastated environment and, many analysts say, bringing to an end the era of Venezuela as an energy powerhouse.

委內瑞拉龐大的石油業曾形塑這個國家和國際能源市場長達百年，如今卻幾近停頓，由於多年來管理不善和遭受美國制裁，產量只剩一丁點。石油業崩潰導致經濟慘淡，環境重創，且如許多分析家所言，為委國作為能源大國的時代畫下句點。
The country that a decade ago was the largest producer in Latin America, earning about $90 billion a year from oil exports, is expected to net about $2.3 billion by this year’s end — less than the aggregate amount that Venezuelan migrants who fled the country’s economic devastation will send back home
to support their families, according to Pilar Navarro, a Caracas, Venezuela-based economist.

長駐委國首都卡拉卡斯的經濟學家納瓦洛說，當地10年前是拉丁美洲最大產油國，每年出口石油賺進900億美元，但到今年年底，預計可進帳23億美元，還不及為逃避經濟崩潰而出國的國民匯回養家的金錢總額。
Production is the lowest in nearly a century after sanctions forced most oil companies to stop drilling for or buying Venezuelan oil — and even that trickle could dry up soon, analysts warn.

分析家警告，制裁迫使許多石油公司停止鑽探或購買委國石油，以致其產量降到近百年來最低，甚至最後這點生產也可能即將停止。
The decline has diminished beyond recognition a country that just a decade ago rivaled the United States for regional influence. It is also unraveling a national culture defined by oil, a source of cash that once seemed endless; it financed monumental public works and pervasive graft, generous scholarships and flashy shopping trips to Miami.

石油業衰落，使十年前與美國享有同等區域影響力的委內瑞拉面目全非，還破壞了以石油為基礎的的國家文化，石油曾經是看似取之不盡的現金來源：支應大型公共工程，助長普遍存在的貪腐，用以發放豐厚的獎學金，也讓人們享受到美國佛州邁阿密的豪華購物之旅。
Crippling gasoline shortages have led to an outbreak of dozens of daily protests across most Venezuelan states in recent weeks.

汽油嚴重短缺，導致最近幾周委內瑞拉多數州每天總共爆發數十場抗議。
More than 5 million Venezuelans, or 1 in 6 residents, have fled the country since 2015, creating one of the world’s greatest refugee crises, according to the

United Nations. The country now has the highest poverty rate in Latin America, overtaking Haiti this year, according to a recent study by Venezuela’s three leading universities.
聯合國資料顯示，2015年起已有逾500萬，也就是六分之一委國人逃離，是全球最大難民潮之一。委國三所頂尖大學最近的調查顯示，委國今年取代海地，成為拉美貧困率最高的國家。
Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/358363/web/

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歡迎回到2024年第一集的 《Teacher's Lounge 幕後教師室》，一年開始你定下新年新希望了嗎？先別緊張，新年新希望不是這樣玩的！來聽聽這集John老師和阿鍵老師的分享，等同於萬元的課程啊！！！

《原子習慣》的作者 James Clear 提到 You do not rise to the level of your goals. You fall to the level of your systems. （你不會成為你設定的目標。而是迴歸到你遵循的系統。）簡單來說光靠想要或是努力來達到目的是不可能的，養成一個可遵循的系統（習慣）才是正確的路。

那麼，我們要怎麼訂定目標呢？建議採用下面的DIP方式
1. 找出你想要抵達的目標，我們稱為終點或目的地。 (Destination)
2. 將你與目標之間的距離量化拆解，找出可以進步的項目。 (Improvement)
2-1. 將每個項目用具體的行為包裝
2-2. 把這些可幫助自己進步的行為和日常生活綁定（我們稱為儀式感）
3. 開始執行，累積執行，偶而跳過沒關係不用特別回去捕或感到壓力，畢竟身為人這很正常。 (Practice)
4. 收穫成果！

如果你能按照上面的方式來訂下目標並且養成習慣，即使最終結算時你還沒抵達目的地，但你也已經在路上，而不是一開始的自己啦！

你還在考慮訂新年目標嗎？或是已經定下了呢？現在就到 15Mins.Today 的FB貼文(https://www.facebook.com/15minsenglishcafe/posts/pfbid0FZNLjBB7Qq4geHHsoQfrrVybNRoZsEU1zTMFccbvTeq4jyEJitEq7ceuvJ1cnR9yl) 留下你2024想要完成的目標，讓我們一起邁步向前吧！

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Reference article: https://tourmeaway.com/blog/food/To-Eat-Well-In-Taiwan-Dont-Miss-Breakfast

We have a new 15Mins co-host today! I have received a few requests for a "food topic" co-host for the show and we finally found one. Klim and I will kickstart the year with a talk about the breakfast culture in Taiwan. Let us know, using the comment link, about the type of breakfast or breakfast stores that you like.!

Hope you will enjoy this episode with us as much as we enjoyed producing it!

更多15Mins Cafe節目: www.15mins.today/15mins-cafe
歡迎主題投稿/意見回覆 : ask15mins@gmail.com
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國際時事跟讀 Ep.K703: Decoding the Delulu Trend: A Dive into Gen Z's Manifestation or Slang Revolution

Highlights 主題摘要：

In recent times, a peculiar term, 'delulu,' has infiltrated the lexicon of the younger generation, particularly taking over the popular social media platform TikTok. Born out of the abbreviation for 'delusional,' delulu has become more than just a catchphrase; it's a mindset, a movement, or perhaps a form of slang gone too far. This article explores the origins, interpretations, and implications of the delulu trend, shedding light on its transformative power in the lives of Generation Z.

最近一個奇特的詞彙“Delulu”已滲透到年輕一代中，尤其是在流行社交媒體平台TikTok上迅速傳播。Delulu源於“delusional”（妄想的）的縮寫，他已經不僅是個口號：它是一種心態，一場運動，或可能是種走太遠的俚語。本文探討了Delulu趨勢的起源、解讀和影響，闡明了它在Z世代生活中的變革力量。

The genesis of the term remains a topic of debate, but it gained prominence when a 22-year-old British TikToker, Sabrina Bahsoon, fearlessly danced in the London Subway, proudly declaring herself a "delulu girlie." The term's subsequent viral spread inspired individuals worldwide to embrace unabashed behavior, encouraging them to defy societal norms and stop caring about others' opinions. Yet, the complexities of delulu have left many, especially older generations, perplexed.

該術語的起源仍然存在爭議性，但從一位22歲的英國TikToker Sabrina Bahsoon大膽無畏地在倫敦地鐵跳舞，自豪地宣稱自己是一個“delulu girlie”時，這個詞變得引人注目。該術語之後的病毒式傳播激發了世界各地的人們擁抱大膽的行為，鼓勵他們違抗社會規範，不去在乎他人的意見。然而，Delulu的複雜性讓許多人，尤其是年長一代，感到困惑。

Some argue that delulu embodies an audacious form of manifestation, empowering individuals to fearlessly challenge their own existence and self-belief. Others see it as a simpler and more playful manifestation technique, a mindset where individuals visualize themselves in a better reality, paving the way for improved relationships and successful careers. This fearless approach, akin to a leap of faith, becomes a coping mechanism for a generation that has witnessed various global traumas.

一些人認為Delulu具有大膽的展現形式，使個人能夠無懼地挑戰自己的存在和信念。其他人則將其視為一種更簡單且更富有趣味的展現技巧，一種心態，使個人能夠想像自己處於更好的現實中，為改善人際關係和事業成功鋪平道路。這種無懼的方式，類似於一種信仰之躍，成為一代人面對各種全球創傷的應對機制。

While delulu is compared to the concept of manifestation, some TikTokers suggest that it is a more fun and flavorful version of the same idea. It's seen as a mindset that encourages individuals to live unexpectedly, creating a world where they become the authors of their own stories. However, this simplicity comes with a warning: the line between embracing delulu and living an inauthentic life is thin.

雖然Delulu被作為“展現”的概念，一些TikTokers認為它是類似想法中更有趣和更有風味的版本。它被視為一種鼓勵人活出意外性的心態，創造一個世界，而他們則是自己故事的作者。然而，這種簡單性也帶來了一個警告：擁抱Delulu和過著不真實的生活之間的界線很薄。

Many dub delulu as the new "fake it till you make it," where adopting a confident demeanor becomes a stepping stone to enhanced self-esteem, improved performance, and greater opportunities. Yet, cautionary voices remind us that true success requires hard work, dedication, and genuine growth, and delulu should not be a substitute for these essential elements.

許多人稱Delulu為新的“fake it till you make it”（弄假直到成真），其中採取自信的態度成為提升自尊，改善表現和獲得更多機會的墊腳石。然而，警告的聲音提醒我們，真正的成功需要努力、奉獻和真正的成長，Delulu不應成為這些基本元素的替代品。

In conclusion, the delulu trend embodies a dynamic and evolving phenomenon within Generation Z, blending elements of manifestation, self-confidence, and playful escapism. Whether a manifestation technique, a mindset, or just fun slang, delulu reflects the resilience and creativity of a generation navigating a complex world.

總結來說，Delulu趨勢體現了Z世代內一種動態且不斷演變的現象，結合了展現自我、信念和愉悅逃避的元素。無論是一種展現技巧、一種心態或者僅僅是有趣的俚語，Delulu都反映了一個世代在複雜世界中航行的韌性和創造力。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字：

Infiltrate (in-fil-trate): In recent times, a peculiar term, 'delulu,' has INFILTRATED the lexicon of the younger generation, particularly taking over the popular social media platform TikTok.Interpretation ( in-ter-pre-ta-tion): This article explores the origins, interpretations, and implications of the delulu trend, shedding light on its transformative power in the lives of Generation Z.Manifestation (man-i-fes-ta-tion): Some argue that delulu embodies an audacious form of manifestation, empowering individuals to fearlessly challenge their own existence and self-belief.Unexpectedly (un-ex-pect-ed-ly): It's seen as a mindset that encourages individuals to live UNEXPECTEDLY, creating a world where they become the authors of their own stories.Phenomenon (phe-nom-e-non): In conclusion, the delulu trend embodies a dynamic and evolving phenomenon within Generation Z, blending elements of manifestation, self-confidence, and playful escapism.

Reference article: https://gulfnews.com/friday/wellbeing/decoding-gen-zs-delulu-tiktok-trend-manifestation-or-slang-gone-too-far-1.1701779128516

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Topic: The ‘Right to Repair’ Movement Gains Ground

If you buy a product — a car, a smartphone, or even a tractor — and it breaks, should it be easier for you to fix it yourself?
如果你買了一個產品，例如一輛汽車、一部智慧型手機，甚至是一台拖拉機，結果它壞了，是不是應該讓你自己修理起來更容易些呢？

Manufacturers of a wide range of products have made it increasingly difficult over the years to repair things, for instance by limiting availability of parts or by putting prohibitions on who gets to tinker with them. It affects not only game consoles or farm equipment, but cellphones, military gear, refrigerators, automobiles and even hospital ventilators, the lifesaving devices that have proved crucial this year in fighting the COVID-19 pandemic.
多年來，許多種產品的製造商都讓維修變得愈來愈困難，比如限制零件的取得，或對何人有權動手維修施加限制。受影響的產品不止於遊戲主機或農用機具，還有手機、軍用設備、冰箱、汽車，甚至包括今年對抗新冠病毒疫情發揮關鍵作用的救生設備—醫院裡的呼吸器。

Now, a movement known as “right to repair” is starting to make progress in pushing for laws that prohibit restrictions like these.
現在，一項名為「維修權」的運動在推動禁止此類限制的立法上，正取得進展。

In August, Democrats introduced a bill in Congress to block manufacturers’ limits on medical devices, spurred by the pandemic. In Europe, the European Commission announced plans in March for new right-to-repair rules that would cover phones, tablets and laptops by 2021.
今年8月，美國民主黨因防疫需要而在國會提出一項法案，旨在阻止製造商對醫療裝置設下限制。在歐洲，歐盟執行委員會3月宣布了新的維修權規定計畫，在2021年以前實施，涵蓋手機、平板電腦和筆記型電腦。

And in more than 20 statehouses nationwide, right-to-repair legislation has been introduced in recent years by both Republicans and Democrats.
近年來，在全美國20多個州的議會裡，共和黨和民主黨都提出了維修權法案。

Over the summer, the House advanced a funding bill that includes a requirement that the Federal Trade Commission complete a report on anti-competitive practices in the repair market and present its findings to Congress and the public.
今年夏天，眾議院推動了一項資助法案，其中責成聯邦貿易委員會做成一份關於維修市場反競爭行為的報告，並向國會和民眾提交調查結果。

The goal of right-to-repair rules, advocates say, is to require companies to make their parts, tools and information available to consumers and repair shops in order to keep devices from ending up in the scrap heap. They argue that the rules restrict people’s use of devices that they own and encourage a throwaway culture by making repairs too difficult.
倡議人士表示，維修權規定的目的是要求企業向消費者和維修商家提供零組件、工具及資訊，以免這些裝置最終被扔進垃圾堆。他們主張，目前的慣例對人們使用自己的裝置設下限制，並透過讓維修變得太過困難的方式，助長了一種用完即丟的文化。

They also argue that it’s part of a culture of planned obsolescence — the idea that products are designed to be short-lived in order to encourage people to buy more stuff. That contributes to wasted natural resources and energy use at a time when climate change requires movement in the opposite direction to rein in planet-warming emissions.
他們還認為，這是一種計畫性淘汰文化的一部分，即為了鼓勵人們購買更多東西，產品被設計成短命的。在氣候變遷需要採取反向行動來控制溫室氣體排放的此際，這助長了自然資源的浪費以及能源的使用。

Manufacturing a new device or appliance is still largely reliant on polluting sources of energy — electricity generated from burning fossil fuels, for instance — and constitutes the largest environmental impact for most products.
製造一種新設備或裝置在很大程度上，仍仰賴會造成汙染的能源，例如燃燒化石燃料產生的電力，對大多數產品而言，這正是構成最大環境影響的因素。
Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/5015841

Next Article

Topic: UK gamers and politicians take aim at console ’scalpers’

Furious British gamers and lawmakers are training their sights on "scalpers" who are buying up coveted PS5 and Xbox consoles and selling them online at vastly inflated prices.
氣沖沖的英國玩家和議員將焦點指向「黃牛」，這些黃牛買光搶手的PS5、Xbox電玩主機，然後在網路上以大幅灌水的價格出售。

The popular consoles have also been hard to come by in other parts of the world, but in Britain anger has boiled over to the point where some lawmakers want to ban the practice of reselling them online at higher prices.
這些熱門電玩主機在世界其他地方也一機難求，但是在英國掀起的怒火已沸騰，一些議員為此打算禁止網路高價轉售的作法。

While a PS5 normally costs between £360 and £450 depending on the model, its median resale price on sites like eBay is £650-£750, according to US researcher Michael Driscoll.
根據美國研究員麥可．德里斯考的說法，通常一部PS5依版本差異，售價在360英鎊到450英鎊之間，但在諸如「電子海灣」的網站上轉售價中位數為650到750英鎊不等。

Next Article

Topic: Singaporean student plays Pokemon on ingenious ‘Melonboy’

想像你搭捷運時突然有個年輕男子拿著一顆鑲有小螢幕的西瓜淡定的坐到你旁邊，開始認真的玩。
Imagine that you are on the MRT and a young man sitting next to you is playing video games on a watermelon-like console.

近期，就有新加坡民眾在捷運上目睹這奇葩的一幕。一位星國少年自製了一台「西瓜Game Boy」，上面不僅有螢幕和實體的按鈕，裡面還裝載了近期最流行的寶可夢遊戲軟體。
That’s the unusual sight some people recently experienced in Singapore when a teenager was seen playing “Pokemon Go” on a self-built console made of a watermelon, a screen and some buttons.

就讀新加坡管理大學的Cedrick Tan，近日在YouTube上分享了自製的水果寶可夢GameBoy，揭露製作過程和最後實驗結果。
Cedrick Tan, a student from the Singapore Management University, has been tinkering with the project on YouTube which has led to him building his own version of Pokemon Emerald inside a fruit.

一向天馬行空的他其實已經有無數的作品，包括將一個地圖放進虛擬實境和利用微軟Excel發送訊息至通訊軟體Telegram。如今他又再次突破自己，將遊戲機成功的裝進蔬果內。
An avid creator, Tan’s long list of projects include turning a map into a blank canvas for augmented reality, finding a way to send messages to Telegram using Microsoft Excel, and building a playable Game Boy Advance inside a melon.

當被問起做這個作品的過程時，Cedrick表示其實非常簡單，因為西瓜內部空間非常足夠，電路的連接也非常方便。
When asked about his project, Tan said: “When it came down to actually making the Melonboy, it happened to be really convenient seeing as the melon was very spacious on the inside allowing me to wire everything up with ease.”

遊戲機目前可以成功的開啟，使用的軟體也和原版相符，而挖空的西瓜塞進了一個電池、數個實體按鍵、一個1.8寸的螢幕和小喇叭音響。
The Game Boy emulator can then be loaded and run with the same software as the original game. Inside the scooped-out melon, a power bank, buttons, a 1.8-inch screen, loudspeakers are assembled.

Cedrick表示，因為買到瑕疵零件，導致製作過程延宕，西瓜GamBoy花了他將近一個月才完成。若沒有遇到這些問題的話，大概一週以內就能完成，他自信滿滿地說。
According to Tan, the construction took about a month; though he blamed the time-length on a faulty device integral to the game boy. Without the problem, the watermelon-based console could have been finished in less than a week, he said.

「身為一個資管系的學生，我對於電機其實一知半解，所以一切從零開始學，花了一點時間。」Cedrick 說。然而，他對於自己的成果表示滿意，成功的製作出一個有著完整介面的「攜帶式」遊戲機。
“As an information systems student, I have no background in electrical engineering, so learning that from scratch took some time,” Tan recalled. The result is a working game console, complete with a Game Boy Advance emulator and a game controller.

吸睛的西瓜GameBoy影片獲得廣大民眾迴響，這大概也是Cedrick最大的收穫。
But the best thing about Tan’s video is the public’s reaction to the watermelon game boy.

Cedrick也實驗過將西瓜帶去賣場玩，捕捉到許多人好奇的眼光。
On a visit to the market, he played the game console surrounded by real watermelons, which provoked weird looks from passers-by.

Cedrick憶起他曾帶著西瓜進火車站，當時還被站務員攔截，詢問他手上的大西瓜是怎麼回事。
Tan also recalled being quizzed about the device when he brought it into a train station.

一位緊張的員工甚至跑到他身邊詢問奇形怪狀的西瓜用途，聽完他的解釋後，員工還非常興奮地將他拉回辦公室要他將作品展現給其他同事看。
A distressed SMRT staff asked him about the strange device, and after hearing his explanation, requested him to show it to her colleagues.

此外，Cedrick坦言他曾經被誤認為西瓜炸彈客，而他從沒想過帶著西瓜會碰上這樣的麻煩。
In addition, Tan said he also experienced another unforeseen problem where someone complained that he was carrying a watermelon bomb.

Cedrick也將自己的作品分享到美版PTT Reddit上面，不僅獲得外國網友的讚賞，還有許多人鼓勵他之後利用酪梨和椰子製作遊戲機。
Tan also posted on Reddit about his clumsy contraption, where he received plenty of praise, inspiring him to build different versions in the future, including avocados and coconuts.

不幸地，Cedrick透露，影片上傳YouTube後過了幾天，西瓜就爛掉了。
Unfortunately, Tan revealed that the watermelon had rotted just a few days after his YouTube video was uploaded.

然而，Cedrick表示將會繼續創作，未來也規劃以榴槤製作遊戲，將其命名為「臭Boy痛苦遊戲」。
However, Tan vowed to continue making his creations and could take on the challenge of turning the durian into a game that could be called StinkyBoy’s Pain Game.
Source article: https://chinapost.nownews.com/20200827-1697494

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今年通勤學英語跨出了一大步，除了更親近我們通勤家族，也挑戰我們內容製作能力來製作出「社會人核心英語」與「通勤學英語VIP訂閱加值內容」。謝謝一路持續耕耘英語力的你，也謝謝一路以來支持我們的理念，利用零碎時間，用最自然的方式學習英語，進而打造無限可能雙語人生的你！

在這集AMA Ask Me Anything是回應我們通勤家族平常來私訊的問題，也想透過此機會，拋磚引玉，希望未來通勤家族有什麼生活、學習上的疑難雜症都可以來詢問。我們會盡所有能力與經驗來分享，跟我們通勤家族一同成長。

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Reference: https://www.engadget.com/threads-may-finally-launch-in-europe-in-december-124054154.html

This year Meta launched Threads to counter Twitter in its dwindling state. It came on strong and fast, but also lost steam fast. Lydia and I discusses our opinions on some of the factors that may relate to fall of Threads, and also would like your comment on your experience with Threads. Let us know using the comment link!

Hope you will enjoy this episode with us as much as we enjoyed producing it!

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國際時事跟讀 Ep.K699: Americans Turn to 'Doom Spending' Amid Economic Worries

Highlights 主題摘要：

In the face of mounting economic concern, a staggering 96% of Americans find themselves anxious about the current state of the economy. This collective worry has not only permeated their financial outlook but has also given rise to a coping mechanism known as "doom spending." According to a study conducted by Qualtrics on behalf of Intuit Credit Karma, more than a quarter (27%) of Americans resort to this form of spending to alleviate stress, while nearly one third (32%) have accumulated more debt in the past six months, exacerbating their financial strain.

面對不斷升溫的經濟問題，高達96%的美國人發現自己對當前的經濟狀態感到焦慮。這種共同的擔憂不僅滲透了他們的財務前景，還催生了一種被稱為「末日消費」的應對機制。根據Qualtrics體驗管理公司代表Intuit Credit Karma財務顧問公司進行的一項用戶研究，超過四分之一（27%）的美國人採取末日消費的形式來緩解壓力，而近三分之一（32%）在過去六個月中積累了更多債務，加劇了他們的財務壓力。

The study reveals that top economic concerns include inflation (56%), rising living costs (50%), and the challenge of unaffordable housing (23%). For 48% of respondents, the fear of not having enough money for necessities like food, clothing, and rent is the most worrisome aspect of a struggling economy. Furthermore, younger generations, particularly Gen Z, express concerns about future job prospects, with 23% fearing a lack of high-paying jobs and 21% worrying about decreasing wages.

該研究顯示，美國人最關心的經濟問題包括通貨膨漲（56%）、生活費用上升（50%）和無法負擔的住房難題（23%）。對於48%的受訪者來說，擔心沒有足夠的錢支付食物、衣物和房租等生活必需品是經濟困境最令人擔憂的方面。此外，年輕一代，特別是Z世代，對未來的就業前景表示擔憂，其中23%擔心缺乏高薪工作，21%擔心工資下降。

Financial anxiety is widespread, affecting two-thirds of Americans, with Gen Z and millennials being the most affected at 71%. In response to this stress, many Americans engage in "doom spending," defined as spending money despite economic concerns. This behavior is particularly prevalent among younger generations, with 35% of Gen Z and 43% of millennials admitting to it.

經濟焦慮在美國人中普遍存在，影響了三分之二的人，其中Z世代和千禧世代受影響最大，達到71%。作為應對這種壓力的手段，許多美國人參與了「末日消費」，意思是儘管存在經濟問題，仍然進行消費。這種行為在年輕一代中尤為普遍，有35%的Z世代和43%的千禧世代承認參與其中。

Despite deteriorating financial situations for half of Americans in the last six months, 27% report increased spending. This surge in spending is especially prominent among Gen Z (33%) and millennials (34%), contributing to a rise in overall debt levels, which increased for 32% of Americans in the same period.

儘管過去六個月中一半的美國人財務狀況惡化，但有27%的報告顯示支出反而增加。這種支出的激增在Z世代（33%）和千禧世代（34%）尤其明顯，促使整體債務水平上升，32%的美國人在此時期中增加了債務。

The impact of "doom spending" is evident in declining savings rates, as 47% of Americans state that the amount of money saved has decreased in the last six months. Currently, over half of Americans (52%) estimate having less than $2,000 in savings or none at all.

「末日消費」的影響在儲蓄率下降中顯而易見，有47%的美國人表示過去六個月儲蓄的金額已經減少。目前，超過一半的美國人（52%）估計他們的儲蓄不足2,000美金，或者根本沒有儲蓄。

The study also sheds light on the growing pessimism about the economy's future, with 24% of Americans expressing a lack of optimism for 2024. This sentiment is particularly prevalent among older generations, with 40% of respondents aged 57 or above sharing this view. On a more hopeful note, 24% of optimistic respondents believe inflation will stabilize, while 13% anticipate an increase in wages, and 12% expect improvements in the job market.

該研究還顯示了對未來經濟的悲觀情緒正在增長，有24%的美國人對2024年表達了缺乏樂觀。這種情緒在年長的一代中尤為普遍，57歲以上的受訪者中有40%分享了這個觀點。對於樂觀的受訪者來說，24%表示他們希望通脹會穩定，而其他人則希望工資增加（13%）和就業市場改善（12%）。

In light of these findings, financial experts recommend a proactive approach to managing stress and improving financial well-being. Courtney Alev, a consumer financial advocate at Credit Karma, suggests conducting a thorough financial assessment, tracking income and expenses, and devising a spending plan. Practical steps, such as using cash instead of cards and deleting stored online card information, are also recommended to curb unnecessary spending.

鑒於這些發現，金融專家建議採取積極的方法來應對壓力並改善財務狀況。Credit Karma的消費者金融權益保護員Courtney Alev建議進行全面的財務評估，追踪收入和支出，制定一個支出計劃。此外，還建議採取較實際的行為，例如使用現金而不是信用卡，刪除線上儲存的信用卡信息，以遏止不必要的消費。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字：

Alleviate (al-le-vi-ate): More than a quarter (27%) of Americans resort to this form of spending to alleviate stress.Accumulate (ac-cu-mu-late): Nearly one third (32%) have accumulated more debt in the past six months, exacerbating their financial strain.Exacerbating (ex-ac-er-bat-ing): Nearly one third (32%) have accumulated more debt in the past six months, exacerbating their financial strain.Unaffordable (un-af-ford-a-ble): Top economic concerns include inflation (56%), rising living costs (50%), and the challenge of unaffordable housing (23%).Pessimism (pes-si-mism): The study also sheds light on the growing PESSIMISM about the economy's future, with 24% of Americans expressing a lack of optimism for 2024.

Reference article:
1. https://www.cnbc.com/2023/11/29/americans-are-doom-spending-heres-why-thats-a-problem.html
2. https://www.creditkarma.com/about/commentary/forget-doom-scrolling-americans-now-doom-spend-to-cope-with-stress

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Topic: Newspapers in New York, Like Their Readers, Are Vanishing

Kenny Hospot is in some ways a typical reader of The Daily News. He’s a construction worker from Queens who’s lived in the city most of his life. He always liked reading the comics and the horoscope in The News.
就某些方面而言，肯尼．霍斯帕堪稱每日新聞報的典型讀者。他是紐約市皇后區的一個建築工人，這一生大多數時間都住在這個城市。他一向愛看該報的漫畫和星座運勢。

How long since he last bought a copy of the paper? Hospot laughed. “I would say like 15 years.”
他上一次買這份報紙是多久之前？霍斯帕笑了，「我看大概有15年了吧。」

Kamel Brown is another archetypal customer for New York’s Hometown Newspaper, as The Daily News styles itself. He’s a maintenance worker for the Metropolitan Transportation Authority. He’s 55 years old. He grew up buying the paper for his grandmother in Brooklyn. “When she was finished reading it, I’d pick it up, flip back and start with the sports,” Brown said.
對於自我定位為紐約家鄉報紙的每日新聞報，凱默．布朗是另一種典型讀者。他是都市交通局的維修工人，55歲。他在布魯克林區的成長過程中，常幫祖母買這份報紙。布朗說：「她看完後，我會拿過來，翻回去，從運動版開始看。」

He doesn’t remember the last time he bought it. When he paged through a copy at a friend’s home this past week, he was unimpressed.
他不記得上次買這份報紙是何時。過去這一周的某日他在友人家翻閱一分報紙時，很無感。

Tristan Dominguez, on the other hand, is still a big Daily News fan. “It’s the only place you see anything local,” Dominguez said at a bodega in Washington Heights, where a stack of papers sat behind the counter.
另一方面，崔斯坦．多明奎茲仍是新聞報的大粉絲。「這是你唯一能看到在地新聞的地方。」多明奎茲在華盛頓高地的一家雜貨店內說，櫃檯後方有一大疊報紙。

He reads the paper mostly online and through Twitter.
他大多數是上網或透過推特看這份報紙。

All of this helps explain why there was an air of inevitability about the news Monday that the organization was laying off half its editorial staff.
這些例子亦可說明，當這家報社決定資遣編輯部一半員工的消息周一（7月23日）傳出時，為何外界會覺得此事似難避免。

Once upon a time, The Daily News sold more than 2 million papers a day. Now its circulation is only about a tenth of that, and the paper’s non-hometown owner, the Chicago-based media company Tronc, which bought the paper in 2017, does not have the patience for non-profitability that the prior owner, Mort Zuckerman, did.
每日新聞報曾經一天賣出200萬分以上，現在發行量大約只剩十分之一。這家報社的非在地老闆、芝加哥的媒體公司Tronc，2017年買下每日新聞報，對於它未能獲利，並沒有前任老闆莫特．札克曼那般的耐性。

At a cultural moment when the very idea of New York City as a hometown is quickly dissolving, and when most people get their news from some sort of glowing screen, the thirst for local ink is not what it used to be.
在當下這個文化時刻，將紐約市當作家鄉的想法正在快速瓦解，而且大多數人是從某種閃爍的螢幕獲得新聞，對於在地新聞文字報導的渴求已不如以往。

And those who do crave hard-hitting coverage that holds officials accountable for the state of the city were not pleased to hear about the layoffs.
對於那些渴望看到逼官員為城市現況負起責任的強烈抨擊報導的人，聽到前述資遣消息並非樂事。

“You need those old-school people because they know what they’re doing,” Rosanne Nunziata, a manager at the New Apollo Diner in downtown Brooklyn, said of The Daily News’ staff of veteran shoe-leather reporters, many of whom are now pounding the pavement in search of employment. “They know how to sneak in and get their stories, and know how to get witnesses to talk and do their thing.”
布魯克林鬧區「新阿波羅餐館」經理羅珊娜．努齊亞塔說：「你需要這些老派人士，因為他們知道自己在做什麼。」她指的是新聞報本分且資深的記者，這些人中有不少正在路上奔走著找工作。「他們知道如何潛入並取得新聞，也知道如何讓目擊者開口，做好他們的工作。」

The New York Post, The Daily News’ longtime rival for tabloid dominance, has seen its circulation plummet, too. Rupert Murdoch, whose News Corp. owns The Post, has long tolerated the paper’s unprofitability, but there may come a time when his successors have far less stomach for red ink.
每日新聞報的長期對手，爭奪八卦小報霸主地位的紐約郵報，發行量也持續大跌。擁有紐約郵報的新聞集團老闆魯柏．梅鐸，長期容忍這家報紙未能獲利。但是也許有一天，他的接班人對赤字的容忍度會小得多。
Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/330084/web/

Next Article

Topic: Dumplings tempt New Yorkers with pizza, peanut butter flavors - and no human contact

New Yorkers can now get their dumpling fix from an automat with no human contact, and the adventurous can order flavors ranging from pepperoni pizza to peanut butter and jelly.
紐約客現在可由一套不需要與人接觸的自動販賣機為他們料理餃子，喜歡嘗試新鮮的人可從義式臘腸披薩到花生醬、果醬等口味中選購。

While the Brooklyn Dumpling Shop in the city’s East Village offers traditional pork and chicken bite-sized treats, chicken parm or Philly cheesesteak are also on the menu.
位於這座城市東村的布魯克林餃子店，提供一口大小的傳統豬肉、雞肉餡點心，菜單上也有焗烤雞肉，或是費城牛肉起司三明治。

Spurred by the pandemic and technology advances, the Brooklyn Dumpling Shop is delivering food via automat 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
在這場疫情以及科技進步的帶動下，布魯克林餃子店正透過自動販賣機，全年無休24小時出餐。

"Embrace technology, because technology is something that has to be embraced by hospitality（business）to thrive," said the shop’s owner Stratis Morfogen.
「擁抱科技，因為餐旅（業）要蒸蒸日上，就得擁抱科技」，店老闆史特拉狄斯．摩佛根說。

Next Article

Topic: New York lawmakers pass bill allowing gender-neutral "X" option in govt documents 紐約州議員通過法案 允許政府文件中可選擇中立性別「X」

The New York state assembly has passed a bill that would allow people who do not identify as either male or female to use "X" as a marker to designate their sex on drivers’ licenses.
紐約州議會通過一項法案，允許認為自己既不是男性也不是女性的民眾，在駕照上標記其性別為X。

The new marker would help transgender, nonbinary and intersex individuals’ identity be recognized in government documents, according to a statement from Assembly Speaker Carl Heastie and Assembly member Daniel O’Donnell.
根據州眾議院議長希斯堤和州眾議員歐唐納發出的聲明，這項新註記會有助於跨性別、非二元性別和雙性人的性別認同，獲得政府文件承認。

"The provisions in this bill will make life safer, reduce the stigma and affirm the identities for so many of our friends and neighbors," O’Donnell said in the statement.
歐唐納在聲明中說，「這項法案中的該項條文，將讓人生活更安全，減少污名，並且確認我們廣大鄉親朋友的身分認同。」

Next Article

Topic: Looking Back on 100 Years of New York City Drinking Culture, From Gritty to Elegant

The history of drinking in America goes straight through the heart of New York. As with so many aspects of the city, that history has run from gritty to stylish and back again.
美國的飲酒歷史直接穿越紐約的心臟，就像這座城市的許多方面一樣，這段歷史經歷了從粗獷到風雅，再回到當初的過程。

For generations, taverns and saloons were largely places for men to gather, drink, gamble and chew tobacco. Those places could be discerning, as with Fraunces Tavern, a still-existent bar patronized in the 18th century by the likes of George Washington and his soldiers, or more suited to the average Joe, like McSorley’s Old Ale House, which opened in the mid-19th century and, until 1970, admitted only men.
數世代以來，酒館和酒吧大多是男人聚集、喝酒、賭博與嚼菸草的地方。這些地方可能是比較有品味的，像是18世紀喬治華盛頓和他旗下軍人經常光顧、至今依然存在的弗朗西斯酒館，也可能是更適合一般人的，像是19世紀中葉開業，且在1970年前只接待男性的麥克索利酒吧。

By the time McSorley’s had opened, many American bartenders had made a a of inventing what we now think of as craft cocktails. The atmosphere at these locales was often hostile and crude.Prohibition changed all that. The idea of bars as hospitable, welcoming spaces gained traction when liquor sales became illegal.
當麥克索利開業時，許多美國酒保已具備發明現今所謂精調雞尾酒的專長。這些地方的氣氛常常是不友善而且粗魯的。

With the advent of speak-easies, owners and bartenders suddenly had a new clientele: women. The social appeal of speak-easies pulled them into new and vibrant communal spaces. Alongside the new customers came bar stools, live jazz and a new breed of cocktails.
禁酒令改變了這一切。當賣酒變成非法時，酒吧是個好客、歡迎人的場所的想法才流行起來。隨著地下酒吧的出現，業主和酒保突然有了一個新的客群：婦女。地下酒吧的社會吸引力將她們拉進新的、充滿活力的公共空間。除了新客群，還出現了酒吧高腳凳、現場爵士樂與新一代雞尾酒。

Despite the end of Prohibition in 1933, these changes to New York’s drinking culture endured, opening up the cocktail scene to a broader audience.
禁酒令雖於1933年廢止，紐約飲酒文化的這些變化卻持續了下來，將雞尾酒的舞台向更廣泛的觀眾開放。

By the 1960s and into the ‘80s and ‘90s, bar culture in New York had become as varied and textured as the city itself. Cocktail bars got yet another revival at the Rainbow Room, where Dale DeGroff took over the drinks program. In the Village, the Stonewall Inn and others became centers for gay culture, while uptown venues like the Shark Bar attracted a mostly African-American clientele.
到了1960年代並進入1980和1990年代，紐約的酒吧文化已變得跟城市本身一樣多采多姿。 雞尾酒酒吧在戴爾．第格洛夫接管酒單的彩虹廳又迎來一次流行。在紐約格林威治村，石牆酒吧等處所成了同性戀文化的中心，而鯊魚酒吧等曼哈頓上城場所則吸引了以非洲裔美國人為主的客群。

Today, despite an unfortunate turnover rate, modern New York cocktail bars are doing their best to foster a sense of community and hospitality.
現今，儘管翻桌率很低，但現代的紐約雞尾酒酒吧正盡最大努力營造一種社群意識和好客氣氛。

It’s this spirit that an editorial writer for The Brooklyn Eagle captured in an 1885 column (quoted by David Wondrich in his book “Imbibe”). “The modern American,” the paper observed, “looks for civility and he declines to go where rowdy instincts are rampant.”
這正是《布魯克林鷹報》一位主筆1885年在專欄中提到的精神（大衛·旺德里奇在所著《飲酒》一書中引用了這段文字）。該報評論道：「現代美國人追求文明有禮，他拒絕去那些粗暴本能猖獗的地方。」

But American bars are not by definition civil. Luckily, it’s as easy to find your watering hole fit today as it was a century ago.
但從定義上說，美國酒吧並非文明的。幸運的是，今天很容易找到適合你的酒吧，跟一個世紀前一樣。Source article: https://paper.udn.com/udnpaper/POH0067/335069/web/

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歡迎回到 《Teacher's Lounge 幕後教師室》，《15Mins Cafe》上了這麼多堂音樂課，終於輪到詩敏老師來到幕後教師室啦。2023年John老師和詩敏老師都覺得超級忙，同時也有好多的學習機會，還習得了時間管理大師的技巧！

對於詩敏老師來說，就算是忙也不願意放掉任何機會，因此不管是藥師的工作，歌手的Live Show，廣播節目或是Podcast節目，甚至活動的主持工作也都在今年拓展開來。原來詩敏老師在求學階段是資優班的天才學生，而學習英文其實除了應付考試外，更多的是挑戰性和好玩，詩敏老師實際上也曾透過當背包客來精進英語的能力喔！

我們透過詩敏老師的例子，趁這集鼓勵各位通勤家族，真的不必太過在意自己的英語程度，而要以溝通為初心，開放心態面對學習，比如說可以設定旅行或者是交外國朋友的目標，參與語言交換、社團活動和多多利用線上資源。詩敏老師在本集節目中也有介紹每個月的音樂品酒會，歡迎大家一同參與，享受輕鬆的學習氛圍，快來收聽這集的幕後教師室吧！

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This week, Patrick and I discusses the idioms that we often use that is related to countries. It's so interesting how many idioms derived from Shakespeare's work! Which is your favorite country in the world? Perhaps there's an idiom too about that country. Find out and let us know, and we will share it with the rest of the 15Mins family~ Let us know using the comment link.

Hope you will enjoy this episode with us as much as we enjoyed producing it!

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國際時事跟讀 Ep.K695: X, Formerly Twitter, Now Collects Biometric Data and Job History

Highlights 主題摘要：

X, the social media platform previously known as Twitter, recently announced that it may gather biometric data and employment information from its users. This move marks an expansion in the range of personal data that users might share with the platform. The company unveiled these changes in an update to its privacy policy, introducing two new sections addressing this data collection practice.

X，這個之前被稱為Twitter的社交媒體平台，最近宣布可能會從其用戶資料收集生物辨識數據和就業信息。這個行動表示用戶可能與該平台分享的個人資訊範圍的延伸。該公司在其隱私政策的更新中揭示了這些變化，引入了兩個新的部分來處理這項數據收集行動。

One of the newly added sections discusses the collection of biometric information. According to the policy, with user consent, X may collect and utilize biometric data for purposes related to safety, security, and identification. Additionally, another section labeled "job applications" reveals that X could now gather users' employment and educational histories, along with other details such as employment preferences, skills, job search activity, and engagement. This data might be used to recommend job opportunities to users, share information with potential employers, or target users with relevant advertisements.

其中一個新添加的部分討論了生物辨識信息的收集。根據該政策，在用戶同意的情況下，X可能會收集和利用生物辨識數據，用於與安全、保安和身份識別相關的目的。此外，另一個名為“工作申請”的部分顯示，X現在可以收集用戶的就業和教育歷程，以及其他詳細資訊，如就業偏好、技能、求職活動和參與度。這些數據可能用於向用戶推薦工作機會，與潛在雇主分享資訊，或針對用戶提供相關廣告。

For X Premium users, the company offers the option to provide a government ID and a selfie image for verification purposes. X may extract biometric data from both the government ID and selfie image for matching purposes, enhancing security and reducing impersonation attempts on the platform.

對於X的高級用戶，該公司提供了出示政府身份證件和自拍照片以進行驗證的選項。X可能會從政府身份證件和自拍照片中提取生物辨識數據以進行匹配，增強安全性，減少在平台上身份冒用的嘗試。

These changes align with the data collection practices of many of X's competitors. However, it signifies an expansion of company's interests into new categories of user data. These policy adjustments come as owner Elon Musk envisions transforming the platform into an "everything app," potentially offering financial services and other features akin to the popular Chinese app WeChat.

這些變化與X許多競爭對手的數據收集行為一致。但它標誌著公司對新類別用戶數據的延伸和興趣。這些政策調整出現在X所有者伊隆·馬斯克（Elon Musk）計劃將該平台轉變為一個“萬能應用程式”，可能提供類似於流行的中國應用程式微信的金融服務和其他功能的情況。

Furthermore, these changes are occurring in the context of global regulatory initiatives that require social media companies to verify the ages of their users. Several age-assurance services demand that users submit copies of their government-issued IDs or selfies for analysis by artificial intelligence algorithms. However, a recent development saw a federal judge temporarily block an Arkansas law that mandated age verification for social media platforms just hours before it was scheduled to take effect.

此外，這些變化也發生在全球監管倡議的背景下，這些倡議要求社交媒體公司驗證其用戶的年齡。一些年齡驗證服務要求用戶提交其政府發放的身份證副本或自拍照片，然後由人工智慧進行分析演算。然而，最近的發展是，聯邦法官在該法律預定生效前幾小時暫時封鎖了阿肯色州的一項法律，該法律要求社交媒體平台進行年齡驗證。

In conclusion, X's decision to collect biometric data and job history from its users represents a significant shift in its data collection practices. With this move, X joins other social media platforms in diversifying the types of information they gather from users. These changes reflect the platform's evolving vision under Elon Musk's ownership and its pursuit of becoming a comprehensive "everything app." Meanwhile, the debate over age verification requirements for social media platforms continues to unfold in the ever-evolving landscape of online privacy and regulation.

總之，X決定從其用戶收集生物辨識數據和工作歷程，這表現了其數據收集行為的重大轉變。通過這項行動，X加入了其他社交媒體平台的行列，使它們從用戶那裡收集的信息類型變得多樣化。這些轉變反映了該平台在伊隆·馬斯克所有權下不斷演變的願景，以及成為一個全面的“萬能應用程式”的追求。與此同時，在網路隱私和監管不斷演變的格局中，關於社交媒體平台年齡驗證要求的辯論仍在繼續。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字：

Biometric (Bi-o-me-tric): X recently announced that it may gather biometric data and employment information from its users.Identification (I-den-ti-fi-ca-tion): X may collect and utilize biometric data for purposes related to safety, security, and identification.Opportunities (Op-por-tu-ni-ties): This data might be used to recommend job opportunities to users, share information with potential employers, or target users with relevant advertisements.Impersonation (Im-per-son-a-tion): X Premium users can opt to provide a government ID and selfie for verification, aiming to reduce impersonation attempts on the platform.Diversifying (Di-ver-si-fy-ing): With this move, X joins other social media platforms in diversifying the types of information they gather from users.

Reference article: https://edition.cnn.com/2023/09/01/tech/x-twitter-biometrics-employment-data-collection/index.html

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Topic: Collins Dictionary picks ‘NFT’ as word of the year

Collins Dictionary has chosen the term NFT as its word of the year after surging interest in the digital tokens that can sell for millions of dollars brought it into the mainstream.
《柯林斯詞典》於近日選出「NFT」為年度詞彙！該數位貨幣交易動輒高達數百萬美元，各界對它的興趣大增，並成功打入主流市場。

NFT is short for non-fungible token. Collins defines it as “a unique digital certificate, registered in a blockchain, that is used to record ownership of an asset such as an artwork or a collectible.”
NFT是「非同質代幣」的縮寫，《柯林斯詞典》將NFT定義為「一種基於區塊鏈的獨特數位認證，用於記錄藝術品或收藏品等資產的所有權。」

Most people didn’t know what an NFT was until this year, when sales boomed, sparked in large part by artist Beeple’s March auction of a digital collage NFT for nearly US$70 million (approximately NT$2 billion). Experts at Collins said they chose NFT because of its “meteoric rise in usage,” up 11,000 percent this year.
人們原本對NFT很陌生，但自從數位藝術家畢波今年三月以近七千萬美元（近二十億台幣）的天價，售出一件數位拼貼作品後，NFT熱潮隨即興起，人們紛紛將目光投向NFT市場。柯林斯的專家表示，NFT一詞的使用量「迅速竄升」，今年已增長一百一十倍。

“NFTs seem to be everywhere, from the arts sections to the financial pages and in galleries and auction houses and across social media platforms,” said Alex Beecroft, managing director of Collins Learning. But whether NFT will have a lasting influence is yet to be determined, he added.
「柯林斯學習」的總經理比克羅夫特表示︰「NFT似乎無所不在，從藝術領域到金融版面，並且在畫廊、拍賣會還有社交平台都有它的蹤影。」他補充︰「但NFT是否會產生持久的影響，仍有待觀察。」Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2021/12/06/2003769067

Next Article

Topic: Art Museums Are Struggling to Weed Out the Vandals From the Visitors

For Hans-Peter Wipplinger, the director of Vienna’s Leopold Museum, the past few weeks have been challenging. As climate protesters across Europe stepped up their attacks against art, Wipplinger took measures to protect his storied collection, which includes famous paintings by Gustav Klimt and Egon Schiele. Bags were banned; coats, too. The museum hired extra guards to patrol its five floors.
對維也納立奧波德博物館館長維普林格來說，過去幾周充滿挑戰。隨著歐洲各地氣候抗議者加大對藝術品的攻擊力道，維普林格採取措施保護他的著名收藏，包括克林姆和席勒的名畫。禁止包包，外套也是。博物館雇用額外警衛巡視五個樓層。

It didn’t work. Last week, members of a group called Last Generation walked into the museum and threw black liquid at one of Klimt’s major works, “Death and Life.” A protester had sneaked the liquid into the museum in a hot water bottle strapped to his chest, Wipplinger said.
但沒有成功，上周一個名為「最後一代」團體的成員走進博物館，向克林姆主要作品之一《死亡與生命》潑灑黑色液體。維普林格說，一名抗議者將這種液體裝在一個熱水瓶內偷偷帶進博物館。

The Klimt, protected by glass, was unharmed. But Wipplinger said his security team could only have stopped the attack by subjecting visitors to invasive body searches, “like at the airport.” He didn’t want to even consider that prospect, he added.
受玻璃保護的克林姆作品雖毫髮無損，但維普林格說，他的保安團隊恐怕只能對訪客進行侵入式搜身
來阻止攻擊，「就像在機場一樣」。他還表示，他甚至不想考慮這一可能性。

With the attacks showing no sign of abating, museum directors across Europe are settling into a nervous new equilibrium, fearful for the works in their care but unwilling to compromise on making visitors feel welcome. So far, nothing has been permanently damaged. But many fear that an accident or an escalation in the protesters’ tactics could result in a masterpiece being destroyed.
由於攻擊沒有減弱跡象，歐洲各地博物館館長正陷入一種緊張的新平衡狀態，擔心自己照顧的作品受到損害，但又不願在讓訪客感覺賓至如歸的問題上妥協。到目前為止，還沒有任何永久性的損壞，但許多人擔心，若發生意外或抗議者升級策略，恐導致名作被毀。

The actions, which began in Britain in June, are already increasing in frequency and daring. At first, protesters glued themselves to the frames of famous paintings, but since footage of activists splattering Vincent Van Gogh’s “Sunflowers” with tomato soup spread rapidly on social media in October, masterpieces have been doused in pea soup, mashed potatoes and flour.
這些行動於6月在英國開始，如今已日益頻繁，愈來愈大膽。最初，抗議者將自己黏在名畫畫框上，但自從10月活動人士向梵谷《向日葵》潑灑番茄湯影片在社群媒體上迅速傳播以來，名作陸續被潑上豌豆湯、馬鈴薯泥以及麵粉。

Those works were all protected by glass, and the protesters’ projectiles never touched an artist’s brushstroke. Yet, last month, protesters in Paris poured orange paint directly onto a silver Charles Ray sculpture outside the Bourse de Commerce contemporary art space. (A Bourse de Commerce spokesperson said the sculpture was cleaned within a few hours.)
這些作品都有玻璃保護，抗議者的投擲物從未接觸到藝術家的畫作。然而，巴黎的抗議者上月將橘色油漆直接倒在商業交易所當代藝術空間外查爾斯．雷的銀色雕像上。（法國商業交易所一名發言人說，這座雕像在數小時內就被清理乾淨了。）

In a statement last month signed by the leaders of more than 90 of the world’s largest art institutions, museum administrators said they were “deeply shaken” by the protesters’ “risky endangerment” of artworks.
在全球90多間最大藝術機構負責人上月簽署的一份聲明中，這些博物館管理人員表示，抗議者對藝術品的「危險危害」，令他們「深感震驚」。

Yet, few museums appear to have taken bold steps to protect their collections. Norway’s National Museum and the Barberini Museum in Potsdam, Germany, have banned visitors from taking bags or jackets into their exhibition halls. Others have made no changes.
然而，似乎很少博物館採取大膽措施保護館藏。挪威國家博物館及德國波茨坦巴貝里尼博物館禁止遊客攜包包或夾克進入展覽廳，其他博物館則未做出任何改變。Source article: https://udn.com/news/story/6904/6828062

Next Article

Topic: Piet Mondrian artwork displayed upside down for 75 years

An artwork by the abstract Dutch painter Piet Mondrian has been hanging upside down in various galleries for 75 years, an art historian has said.
一名藝術史家說，荷蘭抽象畫家皮特‧蒙德里安的一幅作品，75年來在多個不同藝廊都被上下顛倒掛反了。

Despite the recent discovery, the work, entitled New York City I, will continue to be displayed the wrong way up to avoid it being damaged.
不過，儘管這項最近的發現，這幅名為「紐約市1號」的作品，將繼續以上下顛倒的方式展出，以避免畫作被損毀。

It has hung at the art collection of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia in Düsseldorf since 1980.
這幅作品1980年起一直掛在杜塞道夫的北萊茵—西伐利亞邦藝術品收藏館。

Curator Susanne Meyer-Büser noticed the longstanding error when researching the museum’s new show on the artist earlier this year, but warned it could disintegrate if it was hung the right side up now.
策展人蘇珊娜‧梅爾—布瑟今年稍早研究該館新推出的這名畫家展覽時，發現這個長期以來的錯誤，但她警告，如果現在用正確的方向掛，可能使這幅畫解體。

Next Article

Topic: Manga artist falls for fake Mark Ruffalo, loses $500,000 漫畫家被假的馬克‧魯法洛迷倒，損失50萬美元

The latest work from veteran manga artist Chikae Ide follows her common theme of romance and relationships, but “Poison Love” is quite different than her previous pieces.
（日本）資深漫畫家井出智香惠的最新力作，秉持其一貫的羅曼史與男女關係的主題，但（這部名為）「毒戀」（的漫畫）與其以往的作品大不相同。

First of all, it is based on a true story about a lovestruck woman in an international romance who gets swindled out of 75 million yen ($523,200).
首先，該作品是改編自真實故事，描述一名在跨國戀中被愛情沖昏頭的女子，被人騙走7500萬日幣（52萬3200美元）。

And secondly, the protagonists are Ide herself and a man she believed was Mark Ruffalo, the Hollywood actor who plays the Bruce Banner-Hulk character in the “Avengers” films.
其次，故事主人翁是井出本人，以及與一名她原以為是好萊塢男星馬克‧魯法洛的男子。魯法洛曾在「復仇者聯盟」系列電影中，扮演本名布鲁斯‧班纳的（漫威英雄）浩克。

Ide, 74, says she hopes her latest work, a confession of sorts, will help others avoid being scammed in online international romances.
74歲的井出說，希望她的最新力作或說告白，能協助其他人避免陷入國際網戀騙局。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1555570 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1555996

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聽了這麼多集的《英語時光機》，但是你聽過《週報時光機》嗎？Patrick老師在本集節目中，和大家一起回顧了今年整年的節目心得，像是各種台灣之最或是世界品牌，還有我們也聊到Patrick老師今年終於首次造訪日本。不知道各位比較喜歡東京的快節奏，或是關西京都、大阪的悠閒氛圍呢？

John老師在本集則是提到了今年第四季的時候，受到政府人力發展中心的邀約，前往擔任社群媒體課程的講師，執行了兩場workshop，並與許多長官們分享自媒體的經營技巧。這部分真的是印象深刻，而且還聽說迴響很不錯，明年還想再邀約John老師去開課喔！

最後我們持續邀請收聽節目的你，來一起成為節目的一部分。不管是透過私訊、Email或是填寫表單都可以，快來跟我們聯絡，告訴我們你在學習上的困難、問題或是各種想法吧！

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國際時事跟讀 Ep.K691: The Impact of Right to Repair Laws on Technology: A Shift towards Sustainability

Highlights 主題摘要：

In the rapidly evolving landscape of technology, the ability to repair devices is becoming increasingly challenging. Surera Ward, owner of Girls Fix It, a tech repair service in Pennsylvania, highlights the difficulties in obtaining specialized tools and overcoming manufacturer-imposed obstacles during repairs. With the rise of "parts pairing" and unique serial numbers, repairing electronic devices has become even more complex. However, new consumer rights laws in the US and Europe aim to empower users to repair their devices, potentially reshaping the technology industry.

在科技快速演進的環境中，設備維修能力變得愈來愈具挑戰性。 Girls Fix It 的老闆 Surera Ward ，來自一家位於賓夕凡尼亞州的科技維修服務，強調在進行修復過程中獲取專業工具和克服製造商強加的障礙的困難。隨著「零件配對」和專屬的序號的興起，修復電子設備變得更加複雜。然而，美國和歐洲的新消費者權利法目標賦予用戶修復設備的權力，有望重新塑造科技產業。

As these laws gain traction, there is hope that they will not only extend the lifespan of devices but also reduce the environmental impact of electronic waste. The prevailing trend of consumers replacing devices rather than opting for official manufacturer repairs contributes to the growing issue of electronic waste. The European Environment Agency reveals that many electronic goods have a lifespan 2.3 years shorter than intended, leading to excessive waste production and the extraction of rare-earth metals for new devices.

隨著這些法律獲得推動，人們希望它們不僅能延長設備的壽命，還能減少電子垃圾對環境的影響。消費者更傾向於更換設備而非選擇官方維修服務的趨勢加劇了電子垃圾的問題。歐洲環境署指出，許多電子商品的壽命比預期短2.3年，這導致過量廢物的產生和為新設備提取稀有金屬的問題。

The push for the right to repair is not solely driven by environmental concerns but also by economic factors. Independent repair services like Girls Fix It often offer more affordable options than official repair services, urging consumers to reconsider replacing their devices. The high cost and limited accessibility of official repairs often discourage users, contributing to the throwaway culture prevalent in the tech industry.

維修權的推動不僅僅是受到環境問題的驅使，還包括經濟因素。像 Girls Fix It 這樣的獨立維修服務通常提供比官方維修服務更經濟實惠的選擇，敦促消費者重新考慮是否更換設備。官方維修的高昂成本和有限的交通便利度通常使用戶望而卻步，助長了科技產業普遍的拋棄文化。

The right to repair movement is gaining momentum globally, with initiatives at both the national and European levels. Legislative efforts aim to break the cycle of planned obsolescence and encourage manufacturers to produce more repairable and durable products. The European Union, for instance, has been at the forefront of advocating for the right to repair, prompting changes such as common chargers for electronic devices to reduce costs for consumers.

維修權運動在全球範圍內的發展日漸強盛，不管是在國家或歐洲兩個層面都有相關倡議。立法的努力方向是要打破計劃淘汰的循環，鼓勵製造商生產更容易維修和更耐用的產品。例如，歐盟一直在倡導維修權，例如為電子設備提供通用充電器以降低消費者成本等改變。

Looking ahead, the impact of these legislative changes on the design and production of tech products remains uncertain. While hardware adjustments may not be necessary for devices to be more repairable, there is a call for manufacturers to adopt practices that prioritize repairability. The vision includes a future where devices come with interchangeable batteries and repair stores flourish with accessible spare parts. Ultimately, the right to repair may usher in a new era of sustainable technology, challenging the current norms and fostering a shift towards a more environmentally conscious and economically feasible tech industry.

展望未來，這些法律變革對科技產品的設計和生產的影響仍然不確定。雖然可能不需要對硬體進行調整以使設備更容易維修，但人們仍呼籲製造商優先考慮可維修性的做法。未來的願景包含：設備配備可替換的電池，以及維修店因有易於取得的備用零件而蓬勃發展。最終，維修權可能開啟一個新的可持續技術時代，挑戰當前的規範，促進向更具環保意識和經濟可行性的科技產業轉變。

Keyword Drills 關鍵字：

Obstacle (ob-sta-cle): Surera Ward highlights the difficulties in obtaining specialized tools and overcoming manufacturer-imposed obstacles during repairs.Environmental (en-vi-ron-men-tal): There is hope that they will not only extend the lifespan of devices but also reduce the environmental impact of electronic waste.Legislative (le-gis-la-tive): Legislative efforts aim to break the cycle of planned obsolescence and encourage manufacturers to produce more repairable and durable products.Obsolescence (ob-so-les-cence): Legislative efforts aim to break the cycle of planned obsolescence and encourage manufacturers to produce more repairable and durable products.Interchangeable (in-ter-change-a-ble): The vision includes a future where devices come with interchangeable batteries and repair stores flourish with accessible spare parts

Reference article: https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20231027-how-the-right-to-repair-might-change-technology

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Topic: Covid-Inspired ‘Silent Cut Haircutting Service Gains Popularity in Japan

Devised by a Tokyo hair salon during the Covid-19 pandemic to prevent the spread of the coronavirus, the ‘Silent Cut’ service is becoming increasingly popular in Japan.
在武漢肺炎（Covid-19）疫情期間，日本東京一家髮廊為防止病毒傳播而推出「無聲剪髮」服務，在日本愈來愈受歡迎。

As a way of curbing the spread of the coronavirus during the Covid-19 pandemic, authorities in Japan started promoting “no conversation” or “less conversation” policies in schools, shops and supermarkets. One Tokyo salon decided to implement the ‘silent cut’ service and it proved so popular that others quickly followed suit.
做為在Covid-19大流行期間遏制冠狀病毒傳播的一種方式，日本當局開始提倡在學校、商店和超市「不交談」或「少交談」。東京一家髮廊決定實施「無聲剪髮」服務。事實證明，這項服務非常受歡迎，其他髮廊也紛紛跟進。

As it turns out, hairstylists prefer the silent cut as well, with many claiming that they were taught to chat up clients in their apprenticeship.
事實證明，髮型師也更喜歡無聲剪髮，許多髮型師表示，他們在學徒期間需要學習如何與客人搭訕。

Next Article

Topic: We’re hiring: Babies wanted for Japan nursing home 我們正在招聘：日本療養院需要嬰兒

A nursing home in southern Japan is “hiring” babies for a very important job — to keep its elderly residents company and make them smile.
日本南部一間療養院正在招聘嬰兒，擔任非常重要的職位──陪伴年長居民、讓他們開心。

A job advert pinned to the wall informs would-be workers they will be compensated for their services in diapers and powdered milk.
一個釘在牆上的工作廣告告知未來的員工，他們將會收到尿布和配方奶做為服務報酬。

New recruits at the facility in Kitakyushu must be under four years old, and their guardians have to sign a contract stipulating that the babies and toddlers can show up for work “whenever they feel like it.”
這間北九州機構的新成員必須小於4歲，而且他們的監護人必須簽署一份合約，明文規定嬰兒和學步幼童可以依照他們的意願，想上班的時候再出現。

More than 30 babies have been signed up so far, tasked with lifting the spirits of more than 100 residents who are mostly in their 80s.
至今已有超過30名嬰兒報名，他們被賦予提升逾百名居民興致的任務，這些居民大多超過80歲。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1555385

Next Article

Topic: What’s behind strained China-Japan relations

Japan and China on Thursday last week marked the 50th anniversary of the 1972 normalization of their ties, but there isn’t much of a celebratory mood. Improved ties between Asia’s two biggest economies are considered vital to the region’s stability and prosperity, but they remain at odds over disputed East China Sea islands and China’s growing military and economic assertiveness in the region. Here are the key issues in the often strained relations between these powerhouse neighbors:
日本和中國上週四慶祝一九七二年兩國關係正常化五十週年，但並沒有太多慶祝的氣氛。亞洲最大的兩個經濟體間關係之改善，咸認攸關亞洲的穩定與繁榮，但對於有領土爭端的東海島嶼，以及中國軍事和經濟上在該區域愈趨強勢，兩國的立場仍然分歧。這兩個鄰近的強國經常處於緊張的關係，以下是其中幾個關鍵問題：

TERRITORIAL DISPUTES
A huge source of contention is an uninhabited group of Tokyo-controlled, Beijing-claimed East China Sea islands called Senkaku in Japan and Diaoyu in China. Japan insists that the islands, which once hosted a Japanese seafood factory, are part of its territory, both historically and by international law. China says they were stolen by Japan in 1895 and should have been returned at the end of World War II. The disputed islands are surrounded by rich fishing grounds and undersea oil deposits, and Japan accuses China of suddenly making its territorial claims after the undersea resources were found in a 1969 United Nations report. The 1972 normalization communique did not deal with the issue, but the dispute intensified after Japan’s government in 2012 nationalized the Senkaku islands, leading to violent protests across China. Chinese coast guard and fishing boats are regularly found in the area, routinely intruding on Japanese waters.

領土爭端
一個主要的爭論是東京所控制、北京聲稱擁有主權的東海無人島群，在日本稱為尖閣諸島，在中國稱為釣魚島。日本堅稱，日本曾在這些島嶼設有海產工廠，無論就歷史或國際法而言，這些島都是日本領土的一部分。中國說這些島是在一八九五年被日本偷走，日本應該在二戰結束時將其歸還。這些有爭端的島嶼，周圍環繞著富饒的漁場，海底石油儲量豐沛，日本指責中國是在一九六九年聯合國報告發現海底資源後才忽然提出領土主張。一九七二年的兩國關係正常化公報並未處理此問題，但日本政府二○一二年將尖閣諸島國有化後，爭端愈演愈烈，在中國各地引發了暴力抗議。中國海岸警衛隊及漁船常在此區域出現，經常侵犯日本水域。

FEAR OF TAIWAN EMERGENCY
Japan, along with its security ally the US, has openly criticized increased Chinese activities in the South China Sea. Tokyo has also pushed for peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait. China claims Taiwan, a self-governing democracy, and has threatened to annex it by force if necessary. With a US-China trade war and naval tensions on the rise in the area, Japan is increasingly worried about Taiwan emergencies. China’s increased joint military drills with Russia near Japanese coasts have also irked Japan. Tokyo is shifting its military posture toward southwestern Japan, including Okinawa and remote islands just east of Taiwan. China staged major military drills in areas surrounding Taiwan in August in an angry response to US House Speaker Nancy Pelosi’s Taipei visit, and fired five ballistic missiles into waters near Okinawa. Fear of conflict over Taiwan adds to Japan’s urgent efforts to reinforce its military capabilities and boost its budget. Japan is currently revising its national security strategy, which is expected to call for the possession of preemptive strike capabilities that opponents say would violate the country’s pacifist constitution. With Japan’s westernmost island just east of Taiwan, “It is increasingly difficult to see how a Taiwan military contingency would not affect at a minimum the waters and airspace around Japanese territory,” said Amanda Hsiao, senior analyst for China at the Crisis Group.

對台灣緊急狀況的恐懼
日本及其安全盟友美國公開批評中國在南海的活動增加。東京也推動了台灣海峽的和平及穩定。中國聲稱擁有台灣──一個自治的民主國家──的主權，並威脅在必要時以武力吞併台灣。隨著中美貿易戰及該地區海軍緊張局勢的加劇，日本越來越擔憂台灣出現緊急狀況。中國在日本沿海附近增加與俄國的聯合軍演也激怒了日本。東京正將其軍事布局轉向日本西南部，包括沖繩及台灣以東的偏遠島嶼。八月，中國在台灣周邊舉行大規模軍事演習，做為美國眾議院議長南希．裴洛西訪問台北的憤怒回應，並向沖繩附近海域發射了五枚彈道飛彈。對台灣衝突的恐懼讓日本更急迫地加強其軍事能力及增加預算。日本目前正在修訂國家安全戰略，預計將要求擁有先發制人的攻擊能力，反對者稱這將違反日本的和平憲法。日本最西端的島嶼就在台灣以東，因此「越來越難看出台灣的軍事意外事件如何不會對日本領土周遭的水域及空域造成一丁點影響」，國際危機組織中國問題高級分析師蕭嫣然表示。

WARTIME HISTORY
The two countries were at war, starting with clashes in the 1930s, until Japan’s defeat in 1945. Japanese atrocities during the Sino-Japanese war include the Rape of Nanking, the use of chemical and biological weapons and grisly human medical experiments in Manchuria, where Japan’s imperial army had a secret biological weapons unit. Japan also took nearly 40,000 Chinese laborers to Japanese mines and factories, where many died of malnutrition and abuse. In the 1972 communique, China waived the right to war compensation, which some experts say was in exchange for Japan’s apology and recognition of China as the only legal government. Japan, however, has provided official development aid totaling 3.6 trillion yen ($US25 billion) to China over the past four decades.

戰時歷史
從一九三○年代的衝突開始，直到一九四五年日本戰敗，中日兩國是處於戰爭狀態。中日戰爭期間日本的暴行包括南京大屠殺、使用化學及生物武器，以及在滿洲進行駭人的人體醫學實驗。日本帝國陸軍在滿洲有一個秘密的生物武器部隊。日本還將近四萬名中國勞工帶到日本的礦山及工廠，其中許多人死於營養不良和受虐。在一九七二年的公報中，中國放棄了獲得戰爭賠償的權利，一些專家稱這是為了換取日本的道歉及承認中共是唯一合法中國政府。然而，在過去四十年中，日本官方向中國提供了總計三點六兆日元（兩百五十億美元）的發展援助。

YASUKUNI SHRINE
China considers Tokyo’s Yasukuni Shrine — which honors 2.5 million war dead, including convicted war criminals — as a symbol of Japan’s wartime militarism. Beijing views visits by Japanese ministers and lawmakers to the Tokyo shrine as indicative of a lack of remorse over Japan’s wartime aggression. China, along with South Korea, which Japan colonized from 1910 to 1945, routinely protests against such visits.
靖國神社
中國將東京的靖國神社——它供奉兩百五十萬名戰爭死難者，包括被定罪的戰犯——視為日本戰時軍國主義的象徵。北京認為，日本部長和議員參拜東京靖國神社表示對日本的戰時侵略缺乏悔意。中國以及日本在一九一○年至一九四五年期間所殖民的韓國經常抗議此類參訪。

ECONOMIC SECURITY
As a top US ally and a major trade partner with China, Japan is in a delicate situation and must balance its position between the two superpowers. China has been more assertive about pressing other governments to embrace Chinese-led initiatives, including a trade group called the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. Japan, along with the US, is seeking ways to stand up to increasing Chinese economic influence in the region. Tokyo also wants to reinforce economic security with other democracies in areas such as supply chains and the protection of sensitive technologies, apparently as a counter to China.
Yasuo Fukuda, a former Japanese prime minister who is an active proponent of better ties with China, says friction between Japan and China largely stems from US-China trade issues. “The question is whether global trade works better by excluding China,” he said.
經濟安全
作為美國的頂尖盟友和中國的主要貿易夥伴，日本處境微妙，必須平衡其在兩個超級大國之間的地位。中國在敦促其他政府接受中國主導的倡議方面更加自信，其中包括一個名為「區域全面經濟夥伴關係」的貿易組織。日本與美國一道，正想方設法抵禦中國在該地區日益增加的經濟影響力。東京還希望與其他民主國家在供應鍊和敏感技術保護等領域加強經濟安全，這顯然是為了對抗中國。
日本前首相福田康夫積極支持改善與中國的關係，他表示，日中之間的摩擦主要源於美中貿易問題。「問題是排除中國後全球貿易是否會更好」，他表示。Source article: https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/lang/archives/2022/10/04/2003786373

Next Article

Topic: Japan’s cats and dogs get wearable fans to beat scorching heat

A Tokyo clothing maker has teamed up with veterinarians to create a wearable fan for pets, hoping to attract the anxious owners of dogs - or cats - that can’t shed their fur coats in Japan’s blistering summer weather.
一間東京製衣廠與獸醫組隊為寵物製造一款穿戴式風扇，希望能吸引焦慮不安的狗狗或貓咪飼主，因
為牠們無法在日本炎熱的夏季脫下毛皮大衣。

The device consists of a battery-operated, 80-gramme fan that is attached to a mesh outfit and blows air around an animal’s body.
這款裝置由電池供電運作，80公克重的風扇附著在網格服裝上，在動物的身體周圍吹風。

Rei Uzawa, president of maternity clothing maker Sweet Mommy, was motivated to create it after seeing her own pet exhausted every time it was taken out for a walk in the scorching summer heat.
成衣製造商Sweet Mommy負責人鵜澤璃看見她自己的寵物每次在炎熱夏天高溫下的戶外散步之後筋疲力盡，因而有了製作這款衣服的動機。

After the rainy season in Tokyo ended in late June, the Japanese capital suffered the longest heatwave on record with temperatures up to 35 degrees Celsius for nine days.
東京雨季在6月底結束之後，日本首都迎來史上最久的熱浪，連續9天氣溫高達攝氏35度。

"I usually use dry ice packs. But I think it’s easier to walk my dog if we have this fan," said Mami Kumamoto, 48, owner of a miniature poodle and a terrier.
飼養一隻迷你貴賓和一隻梗犬的48歲熊本麻美（譯音）說「我通常使用冰袋。但是我認為有了這款風扇，遛狗會比較輕鬆。」

Next Article

Topic: World’s oldest person dies in Japan aged 119 全球最年長人士在日本過世 享年119歲

A Japanese woman believed to have been the world’s oldest person has died aged 119, public broadcaster NHK said on Monday, reporting the death of Kane Tanaka.
公共廣播機構「日本放送協會」週一報導田中加子的死訊說，據信是全球最年長者的一位日本女性以119歲過世。

Born on Jan. 2, 1903 - the year of the Wright Brothers’ first controlled flight of their motor-driven airplane - Tanaka was confirmed by Guinness World Records in 2019 as the oldest living person.
田中生於1903年1月2日──萊特兄弟以他們的引擎驅動的飛機進行首次受控飛行的那年──在2019年獲金氏世界紀錄證實為還活著的最年老人士。

She died of old age at a hospital in Fukuoka city, western Japan, on April 19, NHK said. During her life, she had been partial to chocolate and fizzy drinks, NHK said.
日本放送協會說，她於4月19日在日本西部福岡市一家醫院因年邁過世。她這輩子特別喜歡巧克力和氣泡飲料。

Japan has a dwindling and rapidly ageing population. As of last September, the country had 86,510 centenarians, and nine out of every 10 were women. （Reuters）
日本人口不斷減少並快速老化。截至去年9月，該國有8萬6510名人瑞，而且每10人中有9人是女性。Source article: https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1538125 ; https://features.ltn.com.tw/english/article/paper/1514547

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